Thursday, December 26, 2019

My Experience At The End Of The Tunnel - 878 Words

Change, a word that scares many individuals. At the same time, a word that to some, it presents itself as an opportunity of a life time, a way out,even salvation. To me it appeared as a sacrifice with a life changing reward at the end of the tunnel. Moving constantly as a child between three countries and several schools was definitely not something I expected to encountered. Waking up everyday wondering if the last day where I called home was approaching. Did not realize until my are high schools years that this had many positive aspects. The people I met, the experiences some only witness in movies, and the many Professors I came across with their different instructing styles that always seemed to end up sneaking one more teaching towards that I would end up needing and using for all the endeavors I would eventually encounter. Not to mention the friendships I created which will last for along as I live. Still, it wasn t until the last time that I moved to the United states that I truly felt overwhelmed, pressured, and Intimidated. Before that I was living with my mother in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Was a very committed student and highly competitive soccer player. All my life my biggest sacrifice was pushing that extra mile or giving everything on the field until my last breath to one day be given the opportunity to continue my career as a student athlete in the states. However for me and my mother, there was nothing left for us in the U.S. I continued my passion andShow MoreRelatedThe End Of The Tunnel809 Words   |  4 Pageslight of heaven or the end of the tunnel? Jerry knew he could not be dead because he heard, â€Å"Jerry, Jerry! Are you ok? Can you hear me† a subtle yelp coming from outside of the tunnel. As Jerry heard that, he knew he had to snap out of whatever daze he was stuck in because he would not make it out of the tunnel otherwise. His mind was ready to get out of the â€Å"trance† but his body was not. Because Jerry s neck and below was numb, due to the unnatural coldness in the tunnel, he could not swim. HeRead MoreWhy Is Baba Home So A Zodiac Sign?1005 Words   |  5 Pagesdiagnosed with some kind of illness and discovering that my own father has been diagnosed with Stomach Cancer. A wise man once said, â€Å"A father is a son’s first hero and a daughter’s first love.† In that case my father is all of the above. My father hid his cancer well, suffered a lot, and left this world peacefully. Writing was the only escape for me from at that time. I came home after school to my find my father sleeping in his room. My dad never comes home this early, I wondered. â€Å"Momma† I calledRead MoreThe Symbolism Of Tunnels In Literature1559 Words   |  7 Pagesrecurrent symbol, character, or situation that is an instinctual expression of man’s nature and experiences that are universal, the author is incorporating archetypes. In the novel , author Stephen Chbosky develops several archetypes with a purpose of aiding the reader in understanding and connecting with the novel and its characters. By including several prominent archetypes such as symbolic tunnels and seasons, a hero, a wise old man, and an unhealable wound, Chbosky helps the reader to relateRead MoreThe Tolkien s The Hobbit979 Words   |  4 PagesAs the story of â€Å"The Hobbit† by J. R. R. Tolkien develops, readers of this book can see that one of the main characters experience a metamorphosis. From the beginning of the story throughout the end, Bilbo goes through a change, but for the better. Tolkien’s main character Bilbo in â€Å"The Hobbit† shows the theme of becoming a hero by gaining courage and confidence as the story progresses. During the beginning of â€Å"The Hobbit† Bilbo likes to stay to himself in his hobbit hole. We see that he is alsoRead MoreGuerilla Warfare in the Vietnam War620 Words   |  3 Pages1973 . 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These are the people who have the hardest time seeing that light at the end of the tunnel and might do just aboutRead MoreEssay On The Tournament727 Words   |  3 Pageswarming up early. â€Å" You got this kid, just wrestle smart† said my dad. â€Å" I know† replie d Logan. He ran out onto the mat, he felt great like he could beat anyone. His match went into overtime, but Logan ended up winning. The crowd was going crazy, Logan felt great. He ran up the stairs and hugged his mom and the rest of his family. Now he had a three hour wait until the finals. They had to build the stage and they had to build the tunnels that the wrestler ran through. Logan was going to be green, soRead MoreAs I Get Ready To Leave The Locker Room, I Strap On My1334 Words   |  6 PagesAs I get ready to leave the locker room, I strap on my black under armour cleats, tighten my blue gloves, put on my silver helmet with the lightning bolt logo, touch that sign that says â€Å"Play Like A Champion Today,† and walk into the tunnel with a band of brothers. We look to our left, then to our right, and nod our heads to acknowledge that we are ready. Finally, the announcer calls your team’s name and you run out of the tunnel ready to face all your fears, show your strengths, and defeat thatRead MoreTolumne River Essay1043 Words   |  5 Pagescourse, many destinations in Tuolumne County to see the spectacle of snow melt, but one of my favorites is Rainbow Pool and the nearby collision on the South and M iddle Forks of the Tuolumne River. The merging of these two streams is mesmerizing, even more dramatic because you are able to stand so close. Drenched with spray and the sound and fury of the rivers blocking out all other sounds, it is an experience not to be missed. And I will bet you will want to revisit this site yearly. The area isRead MoreHanoi Case Study828 Words   |  4 Pageson a private city tour with your driver and guide. Visit Ho Chi Minhs former home, the Temple of Literature (the first university in Hanoi) and perhaps the Fine Arts Museum which has a wonderful collection of art and sculpture. The tour comes to an end in Hanois busy Old Quarter before returning to your hotel in the afternoon. Day 4  Halong City This morning take a private transfer to Halong City, where you board your traditional Vietnamese junk. Spend the afternoon cruising around Halong Bays thousands

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Rob Elliot s Ethics And Ethics - 885 Words

Rob Elliot’s Ethics Rob Elliot, who had worked at the MGM resort international for a total of fifteen years as Vice President accomplishing many things. He had come up with the design of the license plate that says, â€Å"Welcome to Las Vegas† which is seen all around town here in Vegas. Before Rob had come to the MGM he had worked for the government. Elliot had come to our class last week to talk about the importance of ethics. Ethics and character are what were made up of, and why it is an important part in the hospitality as well as the hotel industry. Who you are as a person can come along way, not just in school but in life as well. Ethics is considered a reality check, but overall having an experience is a key component. With ethics you must know the difference of good and bad vs. right and wrong. Rob Elliot discussed what the Headline Rule is and its importance. The Headline Rule is having a positive reputation of the company, and not doing something that puts the company on the front page of a paper or headline in a negative way. People believe that being on the front page of the news is always a positive thing, but in some cases that could not be true in the hospitality world. When you work for a company, you represent them on the clock as well as off the clock. You must think to yourself about your actions and what effect they might encounter at that moment or in the long run. Rob Elliot said he believes that once your integrity is gone, you have nothing left atShow MoreRelated The Removal of Prayer from Public Schools Essay4217 Words   |  17 Pagesinstruction was to be offered. All public schools would now educate students in the three R’s and leave religion to the churches.†2 This action led to the creation of church-led Sunday school’s, that we re to give religious instruction. By the 1950’s, Americans began to grow concerned about the morality of their children, especially since â€Å"the common school inculcates all Christian morals; it founds its morals on the basis of religion; it welcomes the religion of the Bible.†3 School boards acrossRead More FIFA Corruption Essay examples2621 Words   |  11 Pageshas multiplied the number by 2 and gained more helpers, as the association has gained interest to other workers. Before Havelange resigned from his job in 1998, he has introduced the U-17, U-20, and the Womens World Cup during the late 1980’s to the early 1990’s. The next president is Sepp Blatter who started his job in 1998 until now. Sepp Blatter, who is a Swiss has caused a lot of downfall and made tons of corruption issues to FIFA, making the association at the worst that it’s ever been. The firstRead MoreSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 PagesGeorge S. Kriz, Gary M. Lampma n, Randall G. 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Taylor LIbRaRy and InfoRMaTIonRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pages[Weber] attempted to show that the relations between systems of ideas and social structures were multiform and varied and that causal connections went in both directions, rather than from infrastructure to super- structure alone.†1 In The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Weber makes this point quite explicitly.2 He demonstrates that a group of people armed with a set of ideas and ideals went about organizing their lives according to those ideas and ideals. As a result, they ended upRead MoreAnalysis of the Causes and Measures of Curbing Fraud in the Banking Sector25289 Words   |  102 Pagescontrol system is a major cause of fraud in banks, fraud affects the strategic growth in banking operations, the benefits of the measures of curbing fraud in banks, outweigh the cost of adopting such measures. Finally, it was recommended that The bank s control system should be of high priority both at management and operational levels, the regulatory authorities have a responsibility of exposing staff to the dynamics of modern day banking operations, The level of punishment meted out to fraudstersRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesCanada 118 Riverview Children s Hospital 124 The Evolution of Project Management at Quixtar 145 3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT CULTURES 151 Como Tool and Die (A) 153 Como Tool and Die (B) 157 Apache Metals, Inc. 160 Haller Specialty Manufacturing 162 The NF3 Project: Managing Cultural Differences 163 An International Project Manager s Day (A) 172 An International Project Manager s Day (B) (see handout provided by instructor) An International Project Manager s Day (C) (see handout provided byRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagestheir wives (Kevin and Dawn, Robert and Sally) and their children (Ryan, Carly, Connor and Lauren). C.F.G. â€Å"We must not cease from exploration and the end of all exploring will be to arrive where we begin and to know the place for the first time.† T. S. Eliot To Ann whose love and support has brought out the best in me. And, to our girls Mary, Rachel, and Tor-Tor for the joy and pride they give me. Finally, to my muse, Neil, for the faith and inspiration he instills. E.W.L Preface Since youRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesSurveillance, 1865–1926† (M.A. thesis, Georgia State University, 2007), 79. 33. J. William Leasure and Robert A. Lewis, â€Å"Internal Migration in Russia in the Late Nineteenth Century,† Slavic Review 27, no. 3 (1968): 375–394; J. William Leasure and Rob- WORLD MIGRATION IN THE LONG TWENTIETH CENTURY †¢ 49 ert A. Lewis, â€Å"Internal Migration in the USSR: 1897–1926,† Demography 4, no. 2 (1967): 479–496. 34. Annemarie Steidl, Engelbert Stockhammer, and Hermann Zeitlhofer, â€Å"Relations among

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Non Nutritional School Lunches free essay sample

More than ever school nutrition need to be a priority; however the public education system continues to cut corners rather than truly provide well rounded nutritional meals. In 2010 Obama signed the hunger-free kids act. Ever since then school lunches have been on the decline. Now schools need to have a mandatory amount of calories for each school level, elementary, middle, and high school. And as the grade increases so does the calorie limit, but not by much. Nationally the maximum limit for school lunch calories is 850 (Yee 4). This is the first time these regulations have been retooled in the past 30 years (Klein 1). Congress has not only put strict regulations on what is served in schools, but what is sold in vending machines and in school stores, such as our â€Å"Snack Shack†. The president of the School Nutrition Association in Washington said in a letter â€Å"It makes no sense to set one set of rules for the cafeteria and another set for the hallway. We will write a custom essay sample on Non Nutritional School Lunches or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He also said â€Å"Failure to apply the same rules to all foods sold/served on the campus throughout the school day will erode the efforts schools are making to ensure the nutritional quality and the value of school meals (Klein 1). The reason that these new regulations on lunches is because the obesity rate is quite high in Americans. In adults obesity is 35. 7% and in Children its 17%. One way that schools have combated this new bill is they use less food to make sure that each lunch has the required amount of calories per student. But they also have been buying healthier food which in turn costs more money thus causing our price to go up on all lunches. One way to deal with this problem is buy the food in bulk and save money when they buy it. The problem that started this all was that the lunches in school were non-nutritional so they passed this bill. Malik Barrows a senior at Automotive high school said â€Å"at first there was no taste or flavor, now there is no taste, flavor, and now it’s healthy which worse (Yee 1) is. Many schools nationwide were feeding the kids not necessarily junk food but it wasn’t the most nutritional food. The food itself was nutritional, but the amounts werent healthy and there weren’t as many veggies. A solution to this problem might be to spend the money and give us larger portions of food and more of what we want. Research done by UCLA show that kids need to be exposed to foods they does not like about 10 -12 times before they will eat them on their own (Yee 3). Also the administration makes food more enjoyable to eat. Because if something is fun you will want to do it more often. Another problem is that the lunches are not appetizing to many students. At a middle school in New York several seventh graders pronounced vegetables as â€Å"gross† (Yee 2). Danielson Gutierrez age was interviewed at this middle school and he said, when he was asked about the fruit that he was given â€Å"I throw them out, I only like apples (Yee 2). William J. McCarthy, a professor at UCLA, said â€Å"If our task is to get children to eat fruits and vegetables we have to be willing to put up with the waste† (Yee 3). A solution to this might be to ask the students what they want to have in their lunches and not just put some kind of food in front of them and expect them to eat it. Doing that is just like the Faroese commercials where they blindfold people and asked them what they smell , and there reaction is good because it smells good in the room, but when they take off the blindfold they see that the room is disgusting and that it was not what they were expecting, food is the same way. If a plate of food was placed in front of you and it looked appetizing, you probably would take a bite and try it. Come to find out that it was horrible and disgusting. Now when you see that food again you will not want to even give it a chance because of your last experience with that food. The final problem is that there are not enough choices. If schools keep having the same lunch choices for lunch then it will get boring. Kind of like doing the same thing at a job after a while it gets old and worn out. Concluding this essay it might help you realize and try to change this bill and stop obesity in a different way. But schools will continue to cut corners if you don’t speak up and say what we want for lunch. If you don’t use your voice then nobody knows what you want and they go off of prior knowledge. And that is not always a good thing.

Monday, December 2, 2019

Solomon Northups 12 Years a Slave narrates the au Essays - Film

Solomon Northup's 12 Years a Slave narrates the author's life story as a free black man from the North who was kidnapped and sold into slavery in the pre-Civil War South. The son of a liberated slave, Northup was born free. He lived, worked, and married in upstate New York, where his family lived . He was a complex hand and also a skilled violin player. In 1841, two con men offered him lucrative work playing fiddle in a circus, so he traveled with them to Washington, D.C., where he was drugged, kidnapped, and subsequently sold as a slave into the Red River region of Louisiana. For the next twelve years he survived as the human property of several different slave masters, with the majority of his slavery lived under the harsh possession of a southern planter named Edwin Epps. In January 1853, Northup was finally freed by Northern friends who came to his rescue. He returned home to his family in New York and there, with the hel p of editor David Wilson, wrote his account in 12 Years a Slave . 12 Years a Slave serves as a time less indictment of the practice of human slavery. Northup's detailing the abuses he suffered and those he was forced to wreak provides a warning to all generations of the moral costs that slavery takes from everyone involved. The slave himself or herself is degraded, made to suffer awful ordeals , and maliciously robbed of physical, emotional, and spiritual resources . Still, the slave is not the only one who suffers. By participating in slavery, the master is morally degraded and emotionally numb . His religion is made hypocrisy. His family heritage is robbed of basic human elegances like love, justice, and honor . In this respect, Northup's 12 Years a Slave is notable for giving human faces to the evil that was once common practice, and for sounding a constant warning of the awful consequences of slavery. 12 Years a Slave is a testimony to the power of the human spirit and the lasting willpower of courage . Solomon Northup is betrayed , abducted , mistreated , removed from family, deprived of self , and beaten into a long, weary, unjustified submission. Yet he is never shattered . Even in his worst days of sorrow lived under the meanness of Edwin Epps, he never gives up hope that one day he will be free. He never loses faith in his friends, constantly assured that if he can only get word to the North then they will indeed come to his rescue. And they do. In the end, Solomon Northup's heartbreaking voyage lifts because in his testimony is sign that faith and hope can endureand win . The three most important aspects of 12 Years a Slave: 12 Years a Slave presents a startlingly accurate and verifiable account of the common slave experience in the United States in the antebellum (pre-Civil War) South. From start to finis h, basic facts about the time, the places, the people, and the practices of the day are incorporated, sometimes in excessive detail, into Northup's story. He speaks with authority on all subjects of his enslavement, naming names and pointing out markers along the way. In doing so, he dares doubters to undermine his story, knowing that public records and common knowledge would defend it. For example, when Northup accuses a wicked slave trader of keeping him captive in Washington, D.C ., he not only names that slave owners , he names the slaver's coconspirator , identifies exactly where the slave pen is hidden, and describes the physical structure of the slave pen in detail. The result? During the trial that took place after Northup had been freed, that slave trader couldn't deny having kept Northup as his captive in that now-exposed slave pen. Additionally, the accuracy of and factual detail in 12 Years a Slave have kept this book renowned as a dependa ble historical reference on slavery for more than 150 years since it first debuted. CITATION McQ13 \l 1033 (McQueen) Works Cited BIBLIOGRAPHY 12 Years a Slave. Dir. Steve McQueen. 2013. 28 11 2016.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Top Essay Referencing Tips for Everyone

Top Essay Referencing Tips for Everyone The Best Essay Referencing Tips Each University has its referencing requirements. We have provided some top tips on essay referencing for you to get your best essay grade. Browse †¦the most famous essay referencing systems, such as Harvard (parenthetical) and Oxford (footnotes). If you have no idea how to use them, just browse the internet and find some instructions on how to use those major systems. Define †¦whether your professor expects you to use a certain system. As a rule, you get clear specifications on the format, content, and references. So do not just use your own thoughts, but adopt the necessary referencing system. Be aware when †¦to reference, while it doesn’t mean to use quotes only. Not only direct quotation requires you to make references, but paraphrasing also means that you have to use references. Once your material depends on other material, it is mandatory to use references. Be careful Referencing is crucial for any academic work, while the reader can get back to the origin of your ideas and various external sources. It is crucial to do a thorough research to provide complete information in your essay. Be coherent You have to be clear, so it is recommended to determine your own system. Your reader will be distracted if you use reference inconsistently. It means that your thoughts are provided carelessly and with lack of attention. Avoid †¦different publication dates. Lots of books have overcome different reprints. Your aim is to make sure that your references can be found on the stated pages and in the stated volumes. As a rule, you have to cite the date of the publication used. However, sometimes, it is necessary to state the date of the original publication, as well. Translation In case you used the translated source, you should use the above-mentioned tip, while the version in the original language was published at least one year earlier. Never mention the translator as the co-author. It will surely reduce your grades. Authors and editors You should not confuse authors and editors, and should always refer to authors. Be precise There are different types of essays and different specificity levels, such as author, page number and year, or just author and year. You can surely choose one of them but still, stick to the established rules of your system. Learn from published academics The best tip is better once to see than a hundred times to hear. You can find such samples in any journal article, which contains the list of references, along with all the edited volumes, translations, reprints, etc. browse the text, too, to get an idea of how to make footnotes or parenthetical referencing the best.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Mass Media Communication and the Transmission Effects on Religious Beliefs Essays

Mass Media Communication and the Transmission Effects on Religious Beliefs Essays Mass Media Communication and the Transmission Effects on Religious Beliefs Essay Mass Media Communication and the Transmission Effects on Religious Beliefs Essay Abstract In recent years, religion has been in conflict over the association to the television for several different reasons. One of the most important reasons for this connection is the availability to project a topic or subject to the public in a large setting without leaving the church. However, the older styles of religions do not support this type of modern technology due to the lack of the personnel factor that is included in many religious teachings. Many of the modern religions have taken to this type of display because of the benefits that are available. Support for this style of information issemination is clearly expressed by modern religion figures. Recent religious fgures can be quoted as saying, Religion and media are overlapping social processes producing and interpreting symbols and rituals through which people express and contest social meaning including their relationship to the transcendent or sacred. (Campbell, 2010) This message was delivered from Pope John Paul II for the 23rd World Communications Day in 1989, The question confronting the Church today in not any longer whether the man in the street can grasp a religious message, but how to mploy the communications media so as to let him have the full impact of the gospel message. (Paulus PP. , 1989) Mass media has gained significant ground as the go to source of accurate news and information. This form of communication has become heavily entwined with current reli gion events. Though mass media has provided religion with a positive venue in an attempt to gain more visibility and support efforts encompassing beliefs and faith practices. Mass media has also negatively impacted the foundation of religion because it has allowed for the loss of the core meaning of the religions belief infrastructure during transmission. Historically, this form of communication works against established religious values. The relationship between mass media and religion has been predictable throughout history; uninterested parties on both sides. While media mediums have evolved throughout history, the relationship has deep roots in history. Reports involving religion almost always are part of bigger more newsworthy events. The focus on the core meaning of a religions belief infrastructure has become increasingly more unstable as digital Journalism has grown. The grey area that has developed between media and religion is enormous. Religion and media are overlapping social processes producing and interpreting symbols and rituals through which people express and contest social meaning including their relationship to the transcendent or sacred. (Campbell, 2010) Where does the division take place within in todays generation? What defines the core belief system of religion and the path of attainment? Even though the modern form of mass media can be seen as positively impacting religion by providing a new and modern outlook. Mass media can also be presentations lose the core beliefs that provide infrastructure and are projected ur ing transmission. There have been numerous debates regarding the ethical reporting delivered from media sources and the responsibility of public perception. Many religious fgures demand that media outlets take towards reporting religious affairs. Currently, the question of whose responsibility is it to make certain that in the middle of news worthy religious event, the accuracy of the religious integrity of reports? In theoretical study completed by S. H. Hosseini, he notes Major efforts have been exhausted bringing religion closer to media (rather than bringing media closer o religion), or to break down the traditional boundaries between the religious and the media. (Kaur, 2009) The importance of the gaining viewers and creating increased rating has over shadowed the impact of many historical events. Media has relayed a continuous message of possession equals fulfillment, including religion. Scholars continue to argue the association between religion and the media. Stolow stated that Consumption is a part of religious life when one buys a book by a spiritual teacher, or pays for a child to attend a religious school. But, the onsumption approach to religion suggests that it is not necessary to read the book or for the child to pay attention or for some religious end to be served. (Stolow 2008) Opinions like his have raised debates questioning the core belief of religion and the transmission of these beliefs. He further questions media effects of the sacredness of religion, Certainly, media in all their economic, symbolic, performative and techno- prosthetic dimensions, have become central to the terms of interaction within and among the embodied regimes and imagined worlds that constitute the sacred (Stolow 2008). ETHICS of Journalism With the shifting of focus towards conflict in religion as newsworthy, where do the ethical aspects come into play for Journalist and news reporting agencies? In 2001 Doug Underwood found answers. Published in the Journal of Mass Media, Underwood set out to determine if the basic moral and ethical admonitions found in the Judeo-Christian tradition still hold their authority with the modern news media, even among the most irreverent and contrarian of Journalists. (Underwood, 2001) The following table illustrates his results. (Table 1 . ) Underwoods findings revealed an overall consensus that Journalist possessed strong Table 1 . Source of Journalists Ethical Values 1 (Not at All) 2 3 (Some) 4 5 (A Great Deal) to want to explicitly connect their professional principles only with Christian teaching. Focus on Positive Communications Mass media has provided religion with a constructive venue to gain more visibility, support and membership ofa particular faith. One religion that has experience both sides of media advancements is Catholicism. The Census of the 2012 Annuario Pontificio, translated to the Pontifical Yearbook, published the number of Roman Catholics in the world was ab out 1. 2 billion at the end of 2010. These numbers atapult the Church and the leaders According to the Pew Research Center, Pope Benedict XVI dominated mainstream religion coverage from 2007 2012 (Illustration 1. 1) Media exposure of this magnitude has prompted the Catholic Church to take an aggressive position on mass media communication; gearing a large portion of its mission statement delivery towards a more technologically modern media medium. Accepting the impact of media reports on society, this position allows the church a stronger voice therefore a stronger impact to change the fluctuating perception formed by and through mass media. Many religious leaders have embraced the new data savvy generation and have urged church leaders to take an active role by incorporating current technology into the infrastructure of their worship services. Modern technology is a viable source to reach out to members and other struggling with their religious beliefs. A momentously historical event that has occurred in the world today is the resignation of Pope Benedict WI. As a world religious leader many media outlets have focused reporting on the rumors of possible implications of the Popes retirement amid sexual scandal with members of the clergy. The scandal ertainly Justifies news worthy reporting but has the media focused too much on finger pointing and forgotten the historical meaning behind a religious leader of this magnitude recognizing the extraordinary ability needed to lead followers has been compromised due to health or is the media attempting to redirect the publics focused on bigger issues that are effecting our nation, such as the sequestration? Kaur, M. (2009, nov 02). Media, Film, Music and Religion. Retrieved 02 04, 2013, from Exploring the Holy in Hollywood: http://religionandmediacourse. blogspot. com/ 2009/11 [exploring-holy-in-hollywood. ml Paulus PP. , l. (1989, 05 07). Message of the Holy Father John Paul II. Retrieved 02 04, 2013, from Religion in the Mass Media: vatican. va/holy_father/]ohn_paul_ii/messages/communications/ documents/hf_Jp-ii_mes_24011989_world-communications-day_en. html Sterin, C. J. (2012). Mass Media Revolution. New York: University of Maryland University College Campbell, H. A. (2 010). When Religion Meets New Media. New York: Routledge. Hosseini, S. H. (2008). Religion and Media, Religious Media, or Media Religion: Theoretical Studies. Journal Of Media Religion, 7(1/2), 56-69. doi:10. 1080/ Corrigan, J. Morgan, D. , Silk, M. , Williams, R. H. (2006). ELECTRONIC MEDIA AND THE STUDY OF AMERICAN RELIGION. Religion At-nencan culture, 16(1), 1-24. stolow, J. (ed. ) (2008). Deus in Machina: Religion and Technology in Cross Cultural Perspective. New York: Fordham University Press. McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. New York: McGraw Hill. Underwood, D. (2001). Secularists or Modern Day Prophets? : Journalists Ethics and the Judeo-Christian Tradition. Journal Of Mass Media Ethics, 16(1), 33-47 pewresearch. org/2013/02/12/pope-benedict- over-the-years-news-coverage-by-the-numbers/

Thursday, November 21, 2019

History Source based questions - Treaty Of Versailles Essay

History Source based questions - Treaty Of Versailles - Essay Example .I have personally no doubt that we will get everything that you can squeeze out of lemon, and a bit more. I propose that every bit of [German-owned] property, movable and immovable, in Allied and neutral countries, whether State property or private property should be surrendered by the Germans. The cartoonist is trying to tell us that the Treaty of Versailles would lead to another war. The four men in the foreground represent (from right to left) Woodrow Wilson, the President of the U.S, Georges Clemenceau, the Prime Minister of France, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, the Prime Minister of Italy and Lloyd George, the Prime Minister of Britain. These were the Big Four who drew up the Treaty of Versailles, which was signed by Germany in the Palace of Versailles near Paris on June 28, 1919. "The Tiger" refers to Clemenceau, who exercised powerful leadership with his slogan â€Å"I make war!† and became known as â€Å"The Tiger of France†. The cartoonist is suggesting the treaty was too harsh on Germany, because it severely punished it, forcing it to accept responsibility for causing World War I, and blackmailed the German government to sign the Treaty under threat of invasion by the Big Four; because of these biased impositions on the Germans, there will be another w ar in the future. The title of the cartoon suggests that the peace will result in "cannon fodder" in the future because the supposed-to-be ‘peace’ brought about by the Treaty of Versailles actually resulted in total humiliation heaped on Germany; the humiliation was too severe for it to withstand for long, and when it could stand it no more then German cannons would boom again (the cartoonist was right – it took just 22 years from the end of the First World War in 1917 to the beginning of the Second World War in 1939). Clemenceau’s words: â€Å"Curious! I seem to hear a child weeping!† shows that he (and the other 3 leaders of the Big Four) feel that Germany has got a fair deal

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Work Plan for Interior Designer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Work Plan for Interior Designer - Assignment Example Interior designers work usually runs in a well laid out sequence. The designer starts by determining the client’s requirements, tastes and preferences before undertaking the project. At this point, they have to consider the number of the building users and hence making enough interior space for them to move comfortably making sure that the taste of client does not hinder motion within the building. After the initial considerations, the interior designer has to make the preliminary sketches of the design plans. These plans will enable them to identify the material they need for the projects such as lighting, furnishes, furniture, tiles, carpets, and decorations. After the preliminary designing, the interior designer has to make a preparation of the final plans usually by the use of the appropriate computer software and present the same to the client. In a case the client is not satisfied by the expected appearance, the interior designer has to make the corrections and adjustments to suit the client's needs. After the designing process, the interior designer has to make an estimate of the cost of the project and create a realistic timeline for the implementation of the same. They then have to oversee the project implementation to ensure that everything goes along with the plan. It is also imperative that they carry out a post-project survey to make sure that the final product satisfies the client. Interior designing is multifaceted and the designer has to work closely with other professionals within the construction industry such as structural engineers, architects, and builders. It is therefore imperative that they are able to read blueprints. It is also compulsory for interior designers to be adequately knowledgeable of building codes as well as inspection regulations.

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Pride and Prejudice Essay Example for Free

Pride and Prejudice Essay Elizabeth seems to represent something of a departure form the conventional image of women of her time By Comparing Jane Austens characterisation of Elizabeth with that of the other female characters in the novel, and by examining its social context, discuss this verdict in the heroine of Pride and Prejudice. The novel Pride and Prejudice is about a fascinating love between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy who have to overcome a lot of difficulties and social prejudices to be together. Some readers may be amazed by the way Jane Austen builds her female characters, especially the main heroine Elizabeth Bennet who is an energetic, quick-witted, sharp- tongued, bold and intelligent girl. Everyone soon realizes that she is the most distinguished and unique character in the novel because of her strong-willed and eager mind. Jane Austen lived in a historical time of social and political changes all over the world but she focused on the middle-class, narrow-minded life in England in which womens social status was established by marrying a prosperous man who would be able to provide them and their family with good security for life, very similar to Mrs. Bennets desires. However a majority of central female characters in Austens works are strong-natured and they promote womens freedom on marriage. Elizabeth is a highly unconventional woman of her time. Her mannerisms and thoughts seem to be different to other characters in the novel. Elizabeth is the second of five daughters in the Bennet family. However, unlike her mother and her siblings whose childishness and narrow-mindedness always showed themselves poorly in public, Elizabeth is quite smart and has a fast tongue. This is the reason for her being the most favourite daughter of her father and the least one of her mother. Mr. Bennet, an intelligent man with a cynical sense of humour, has made an unwise marriage with a simple minded and ill-mannered woman, Mrs. Bennet, and when he realizes this, he has a tendency to hide in his study rather than take part in the social and family activities with his wife. Being her fathers confidante almost portrays Elizabeth as the son of the family. Throughout the novel, it is recognizable that Mr. Bennet always gives Elizabeth a unique interest as he sees in her in a different way from her sisters and other girls. While Mrs. Bennet has little value for Elizabeths intelligence and wit: Lizzy is not a bit better than the others; and I am sure she is not half so handsome as Jane, nor half so good humoured as Lydia, Mr. Bennet has a high regard for these qualities: They have none of them much to recommend them, they are all silly and ignorant like other girls; but Lizzy has something more of quickness than her sisters. (Chapter 1) Mr. B. believes that his Elizabeth is more sensible and shrewd than her sisters so he frequently offers her advice, supports her and trusts her in all that she does. For example when Elizabeth rejects Mr. Collinss proposal due to the fact that she does not want to marry such a pompous man, Mrs Bennet is outraged however Mr. Bennet is not livid about her decision at all and instead he supports her. Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr. Collins, and I will never see you again if you do. (Chapter 20). This shows that Mr Bennet is humouring his wife and is joking with Elizabeth. Refusing this marriage with Mr. Collins, which would highly benefit the Bennet family, seems unusual in Elizabeths time. Any other women would be delighted to marry a man of Mr. Collins standard. In addition to the quickness of her mind, Elizabeth also shares good humour with her father. She likes taking ironic enjoyment at others silliness and hypocrisies and is quick to mock them exclusive of her mother and her younger sisters though she is sometimes humiliated by their ludicrous behaviour. In the novel, she is portrayed as having a lively, playful disposition, which delighted in anything ridiculous. (Chapter 3). Elizabeth does not care to join her family in the balls and finds her familys behaviour unusual. In fact she finds humour in the way her family conducts themselves. She is completely in contrast to Lydia one of her younger sisters. This is uncommon in females in that society, partaking in balls and getting excited about them was one of the many things women were expected to do. Again this shows Elizabeths uniqueness. At the first encounter between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy at the Meryton ball, Darcy callously turns down the offer to dance with Elizabeth and insults her by saying she is tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt me (Chapter3). Such a remark on a girl, particularly in a dance party is very impolite and offensive and it makes Elizabeth slightly annoyed. However, rather than being humiliated and hiding her embarrassment, she retells this incident to her friends in a teasing and sardonic way. I think that her reaction is wise and rare as not often can a woman behave as calmly as her in a situation like this. She laughs at what Mr. Darcy says about her appearance and changes the fact of being insulted from her to Mr. Darcy. Furthermore, in her discussions with Miss. Bingley and Mr. Darcy at Netherfield Park, Elizabeth herself admits that I dearly love a laugh but I never ridicule what is wise or good. Follies and nonsense, whims and inconsistencies do divert me, I own, and I laugh at them whenever I can. (Chapter11). Being a person who has an exceptional mind, Elizabeth knows what she should or shouldnt make a joke about and she states this point of view clearly and frankly. In other words, only follies and vanities of others can delight her and she is good at creating laughter from these enough to make her conversation become attracting and amusing. Everybody is drawn towards her because of her quick mind and excellent sense of humour. Finding humour in things that would seem rude at the time seems eccentric of women of that time. Elizabeth should be insulted and angry at Mr. Darcy, yet she seems to laugh at how ridiculous his thoughts. This shows that Elizabeth does not care about her appearance to people in society and she is content with being herself. Elizabeth shows that she is unconventional, when she meets Lady Catherine De Bough. During the conversation, Lady Catherine puts a series of questions to Elizabeth concerning the upbringing of her sisters and expects to receive the normative and easy on the ear answers from her. Yet, Elizabeths responses cannot make the Lady satisfied as she thinks. Why did not you all learn? (Chapter 29 )Elizabeth is open in expressing her own ideas and her replies to the impolite and rude questions of Lady Catherine are quite cold and frank. For example, when being asked about personal information, Elizabeth does not hesitate to hold back the answer regardless of the old womans feelings. In other words, it is a signal of rebellion against the social principals that an inferior such as herself should challenge a very wealthy and important woman like Lady Catherine. Her brave and admirable reaction to this situation impresses me and I respect her for being able to do that. It is irregular for someone of Elizabeths position to talk and conduct herself in the way she did to someone like Lady Catherine who was inferior to her in both age and wealth. She should have respected her and agreed with everything she said. She should have said very little as Mrs Jenkinson and Sir William said. Others such as Mr. Collins, who had been much acquainted with Lady Catherine De Bourgh, behaved in a more appropriate way, as it would have been expected. When playing Cards with Lady Catherine he would agreeing to everything her Ladyship said, thanking her for every fish he won, and apologising if he thought he won too many. Unlike most of the other characters in the novel and the conventional women of her time, Elizabeth is a strong woman who is capable of harmoniously balancing reason and emotion in dealing with every incident. She does and says whatever she believes to be right without paying attention to the external forces. The determination in her character really makes her become the most admired and praiseworthy woman. For example when Jane becomes ill, Elizabeth is determined to go meet her. She is also stubborn about walking there rather than taking horse and carriage. Mrs. Bennet is afraid that Elizabeths visiting to Netherfield would make Jane recover from illness quickly and she would not stay there as long as her mother wants. Moreover, the appearance of a girl as the result of walking three miles through the mud is surely not expected to see and the girls social image may be affected. Nevertheless, Elizabeth pays attention to nothing of it. Her only concern is Jane and her health so she does not have intention of changing her initial decision. Her answers to her parents are full of willpower and resolution. Her look with weary ankles, dirty stockings, and a face glowing with the warmth of exercise when arriving at Netherfield is a great surprise to the people here but she appears unworried about their comments and views on her. Nothing can make her flinch from difficulties. In a society like Elizabeths appearance is everything and by arriving to Netherfield as she did would ruin her familys social image. However Elizabeth paid no attention to this and this shows that she is an unconventional woman of her time. She was more concerned for her sister Jane than her familys reputation. Moreover, Elizabeth is really a woman of action who once decides to do something will do it no matter how hard it is. She is very unwavering, particularly shown by her treatment of Darcy when she believes him to have done wrong. As we know, at their first meeting, Darcy was impolite and insulted words on Elizabeths beauty making her think so badly of him. At the evening at Longbourn, Sir William Lucas intends to introduce Elizabeth to Mr. Darcy as a very desirable partner to dance. However, she immediately refuses this offer and does not change her mind no matter how Sir William tries to persuade her. Even though when Mr. Darcy himself elegantly asks for her hand, she only smiles and turns away. Later on, when she hears about the fake story that Wickham makes up to leave a stain on Mr. Darcys reputation she increasingly believes he is a terrible and cruel man. That is the reason for her indifferent and harsh attitudes to Mr. Darcy whenever they meet (but this changes after Elizabeth knows the truth of the two men). I can say that it actually takes a great strength of character and resolution to confront such a power man as Mr. Darcy who should be treated with respect and courtesy because of his wealth and social status. However, it is a part of Elizabeths personality that attracts Mr. Darcy as well as the readers of Pride and Prejudice. Rejecting to dance with a man of such high standard as Mr. Darcy takes a lot of strength and this strength was uncommon in women of Elizabeths time. Elizabeth should have disregarded what Mr. Darcy had said before and quietly and obediently dance with him, and do as she was told. She should have conducted herself in a respectable manner. The opening line of Pride and Prejudice is It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife implies that the only way for women to ensure themselves a stable life is through marriage. Marriage to some certain extent is like a business transaction. In the novel, Jane Austen uses the character Charlotte Lucas to illustrate this point and contrast with Elizabeths views on love and marriage. Charlotte is also a smart and well-educated woman like Elizabeth so it really makes Elizabeth surprised when hearing her friends decision to wed Mr. Collins. However, in a society where women are expected to marry a well-off man even though they are not in love with him was common. Their main reason was gaining financial security, or else facing homelessness and poverty. Therefore Charlottes actions were understandable. Compared with Elizabeth, Charlotte is older, plainer and more desperate to find a husband so Mr. Collins proposal is the rare opportunity to save her from the unpleasant reality, I am not romantic, you know. I never was. I ask only a comfortable home; and considering Mr. Collinss character, connections, and situation in life, I am convinced that my chance of happiness with him is as fair as most people can boast on entering the marriage state. (Chapter 22). Charlotte is constrained by the fact that all she desires is wealth and stability and it can be achieved just through marrying to Mr. Collins. In her thought, love is not a real concern in marriage. To her closest friends choice, Elizabeth exclaims: Engaged to Mr. Collins! My dear Charlotte impossible! She completely astonished at seeing Charlotte marrying without affection and it is their opposite points of view on this matter that makes them never be close as before. In Elizabeths time marriage was like a business transaction. All that was necessary was for the man to have money. Love had no importance. This meant that Elizabeths views on marriage were highly unusual and were irregular of her time. However Elizabeth also shows conventional features of women of her time. Firstly she marries someone of a higher status, and has more wealth than herself. This was typical of women in her time. In fact Mrs Bennet was happy declaring Ten thousand a year! Oh Lord what will become of me. (Chapter 59). She was delighted in knowing that her daughter has married an accomplished, rich man. Elizabeth Bennet marries Mr. Darcy, providing her family and herself financial security, as a woman of her time desired and aimed for. Her story ends very similar to Jane, a typically conventional woman, showing her regularity. Another conventional aspect of Elizabeth Bennet is that she plays the piano forte She has a very good notion of fingering (Chapter 31). Elizabeth also partakes in dancing in the Meryton balls. So much so that she is said to be an excellent dancer. You excel so much in the dance Miss Eliza (Chapter6). When Mr. Darcy talks of accomplished women he says that an accomplished women is one who add something more substantial, in the improvement of her mind by extensive reading (Chapter 8). Elizabeth Bennet also reads regularly showing she is an accomplished and conventional woman. Traditionally a woman of Elizabeths time would be experienced in reading, playing the pianoforte, partaking in local balls, all aspects which Elizabeth Bennet has. In conclusion Elizabeth Bennet is not entirely an unconventional woman. She possesses mainly conventional aspects such as playing the piano. However I believe that it is her mind and thoughts that are unconventional. Elizabeth has been blessed with wit and intelligence. This comes through in her mannerisms and this is what forces her to seem unconventional. Through her thoughts, words and actions, no one can deny the fact that Elizabeth is an intelligent girl who possesses a humorous sense as well as a keen capability of observation. In the novel, she is described as a beauty and has especially expressive eyes, but what everybody notices about her is her spirited wit and quick responses. Elizabeth is not only smart but she also has a strong character. She is very brave to confront with the people who are far more powerful and superior than herself like Lady Catherine and Mr. Darcy. Elizabeth is quite determined and independent in her actions and opinions. She is ready to refuse the marriages that could provide her with a comfortable life and a high standing in the society just because she finds that man does not suit her in terms of intellect and personality. In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen uses Elizabeth Bennet as a literary device to represent her values and attitudes on the importance of marrying for love. The heroine dares to go against the social conventions that women should marry for their economic benefits. She only weds the man she really loves and respects. This makes the young free-spirited woman differ substantially from the other female characters of the novel. Although the novel was written a vast amount of time ago and Jane Austen is no longer with us, the distance of time could not fade away the image of Elizabeth as a complex young woman with sparkling intelligence and a strong personality. Although Elizabeth makes some mistakes, for example she has been driven by her pride and prejudice for a long time leading to the misjudgements between Wickham and Mr. Mr. Darcy, the striking features she possesses still overweigh these weaknesses. She is not perfect but is an idealized woman. That is possibly the message Jane Austen was trying to get across, that there is no perfect woman, but then who is. In modern times, Elizabeth would be the opposite of unconventional. Now women are free to express their opinions and are encourage speaking their minds. In this way I think Jane Austen has predicted the future of women through Elizabeth. I believe Jane Austen has been accurate in her prediction and she has succeeded in producing more Elizabeths throughout the world. I admire Elizabeth Bennet and I believe that she is an ideal women. Particularly when it comes to her strength of mind and her courage.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Ed Gein Essay -- essays research papers

This paper is based on the life of Ed Gein. He was an unusual character, born on a farm, and raised by a religious crazy, domineering mother. In the space of a few years his entire family passed away and he was left to take care of his farm all by himself. In the next few years he became a grave robber, a necrophiliac, a cannibal, and also took up arts and crafts in body parts. He is known as one of the weirdest serial killers of the twentieth century. He also inspired movies like Psycho, Silence of The Lambs, and Texas Chainsaw Massacre. Ed Gein/Page 4 Profile Name - Edward 'Ed' Gein. AKA - The Butcher of Plainfield, The Plainfield Butcher, The Mad Butcher, The Plainfield Ghoul. DOB/DOD - 1906 - 26 July 1984. Mother 'Augusta 1878-1945', Father 'George 1873-1940', Brother 'Henry 1901-44'. Residence(at Time of Murders) - 160-Acre Farm Seven Miles Outside Plainfield, Wisconsin. USA. Murder Type/Practices - Serial Killer / Graverobbery, Necrophilia, Cannibalism, Sadism, Death Fetishism. Method/Weapons Used - Shooting / .22, .32. Organization - Mixed. Mobility - Stable. Victim Vicinity - Plainfield, Wisconsin. Murder Time Span - 1954 - 1957. Victim Type - Old Women. Victims - Mary Hogan (Died 8 Dec 1954), Bernice Worden (Died 16 Nov 1957) Ed Gein/Page 5 Before the Events Ed Gein and his brother Henry were raised by his religious crazed mother. She was a very domineering woman, and discouraged her sons from women. They lived on a 160-acre farm seven miles outside of Plainfield, Wisconsin. The boys were always busy with farm work. His alcoholic father died in 1940 and a few years later his brother Henry died in 1944, trapped while fighting a forest fire. Shortly after his mother suffered a stroke and in 1945 she suffered another one which she never recovered from and left Ed alone. It was then that he decided to close off the upstairs of his farm home, the parlour, and his mother’s bedroom by boarding it off and set up his own quarters in the remaining bedroom, kitchen and shed of the big house. He stopped working the farm because of a government soil-conservation program. They offered him a subsidy, which he augmented by his work as a handyman in the area. Ed Gein/Page 6 Robbing Graves In his spare time Ed read books on human anatomy and Nazi concentration camp... ...ection of shrunken heads), two skulls for Gein’s bedposts, a pair of human lips hanging from string, Ed’s full woman body suit constructed with human skin and complete with mask and breasts, Bernice Worden’s heart in a pan on the stove, and the refrigerator which was stacked with human organs. Ed Gein /Page 12 Conclusion Gein was in a series of examinations at the Central State Hospital for the Criminally insane. He was proven insane. The reasons for his actions were seen; he loved his mother but he hated her, so that is why he killed older women. It is said that Mary Hogan had more of a passing resemblance to his mother. At Christmas, 1957, Gein was judged insane and he was committed to Waupan State Hospital for a life sentence. Gein died of cancer on July 26, 1984, at the age of 78. He was buried back in Plainfield next to the graves of his family. Ed Gein/Page 13 References http://www.houseofhorrors.com/gein.htm http://www.crimelibrary.com/gein/geinmain.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Gein http://www.prairieghosts.com/ed_gein.html Ed Gein/Page 14 Pictures Ed Gein Essay -- essays research papers This paper is based on the life of Ed Gein. He was an unusual character, born on a farm, and raised by a religious crazy, domineering mother. In the space of a few years his entire family passed away and he was left to take care of his farm all by himself. In the next few years he became a grave robber, a necrophiliac, a cannibal, and also took up arts and crafts in body parts. He is known as one of the weirdest serial killers of the twentieth century. He also inspired movies like Psycho, Silence of The Lambs, and Texas Chainsaw Massacre. Ed Gein/Page 4 Profile Name - Edward 'Ed' Gein. AKA - The Butcher of Plainfield, The Plainfield Butcher, The Mad Butcher, The Plainfield Ghoul. DOB/DOD - 1906 - 26 July 1984. Mother 'Augusta 1878-1945', Father 'George 1873-1940', Brother 'Henry 1901-44'. Residence(at Time of Murders) - 160-Acre Farm Seven Miles Outside Plainfield, Wisconsin. USA. Murder Type/Practices - Serial Killer / Graverobbery, Necrophilia, Cannibalism, Sadism, Death Fetishism. Method/Weapons Used - Shooting / .22, .32. Organization - Mixed. Mobility - Stable. Victim Vicinity - Plainfield, Wisconsin. Murder Time Span - 1954 - 1957. Victim Type - Old Women. Victims - Mary Hogan (Died 8 Dec 1954), Bernice Worden (Died 16 Nov 1957) Ed Gein/Page 5 Before the Events Ed Gein and his brother Henry were raised by his religious crazed mother. She was a very domineering woman, and discouraged her sons from women. They lived on a 160-acre farm seven miles outside of Plainfield, Wisconsin. The boys were always busy with farm work. His alcoholic father died in 1940 and a few years later his brother Henry died in 1944, trapped while fighting a forest fire. Shortly after his mother suffered a stroke and in 1945 she suffered another one which she never recovered from and left Ed alone. It was then that he decided to close off the upstairs of his farm home, the parlour, and his mother’s bedroom by boarding it off and set up his own quarters in the remaining bedroom, kitchen and shed of the big house. He stopped working the farm because of a government soil-conservation program. They offered him a subsidy, which he augmented by his work as a handyman in the area. Ed Gein/Page 6 Robbing Graves In his spare time Ed read books on human anatomy and Nazi concentration camp... ...ection of shrunken heads), two skulls for Gein’s bedposts, a pair of human lips hanging from string, Ed’s full woman body suit constructed with human skin and complete with mask and breasts, Bernice Worden’s heart in a pan on the stove, and the refrigerator which was stacked with human organs. Ed Gein /Page 12 Conclusion Gein was in a series of examinations at the Central State Hospital for the Criminally insane. He was proven insane. The reasons for his actions were seen; he loved his mother but he hated her, so that is why he killed older women. It is said that Mary Hogan had more of a passing resemblance to his mother. At Christmas, 1957, Gein was judged insane and he was committed to Waupan State Hospital for a life sentence. Gein died of cancer on July 26, 1984, at the age of 78. He was buried back in Plainfield next to the graves of his family. Ed Gein/Page 13 References http://www.houseofhorrors.com/gein.htm http://www.crimelibrary.com/gein/geinmain.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Gein http://www.prairieghosts.com/ed_gein.html Ed Gein/Page 14 Pictures

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Syntax ??“ Transformational Grammar

I Humanistic motivations I Behavioral motivations I As an lad to illustrating the patterns of English I As an lad In the systematic and explicit analysis of the structure of English sentences. E. G. *The recent strike by pilots have cost the country a great deal of money from tourism and so on. E. G. He said that that ;that' that that man used was wrong. Understanding of syntax, transformation grammar (TUG) and systemic functional rammer (SGF) will be beneficial in clarifying how each word is categorized, and the contribution that it makes in a sentence.Objectives of the research I Looking at simple types of moods considering: â€Å"in which components and with what type of descriptive apparatus should this complexity be handled. † I Looking for any contrast at the level of form considering: â€Å"Is this contrast also a contrast at the level of meaning† (Miller, 2008) Literature Review I SGF does not use ‘re-write' regulations to create the primary structure. I N o transformational rules to modify the present structures.I â€Å"The grammar merely stores up the choices of semantic aspects that are made for every semantic unit, and then generates the appropriate syntactic unit† (Horniness, 2009) Conclusion I The main difference between theories used In TUG and SGF Is that the SGF supports and demands a reference that Is technologically more advanced than the TUG.. I SGF theory Is multidimensional In terms of rank, delicacy, intellectual, axis and Instantiation. (Redford, 2004)

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Ciulla Essay

The first attempt for the new chief executive officer of Stratton Oil Company is to address some of the issues and complaints received for different difficulties with Stratton’s offshore oil drilling rigs. On his first excursion, he visited a rig off the coast of Africa, dubbed the Voyager 7, and what he discovered is the oil rig is really a small society, separate and distinct from the rest of the world. There are many facts for us to apply in this specific case, there is a very unfair treat between the two different employees in the Voyager 7, the first group are expatriates and the second group are African workers. The condition of living for both groups totally different. The expatriates are treated with many advantages in difference with the African workers. We can make different questions in this case, how an international organization is obligated to treat employees from different countries, what kind of policies are applicable to this case. I would like to say that there is nothing more important than treating everyone equally, this class of Ethical Consideration, is focus on teach us about ethic and moral principles that are applied at any place or organization. Human being is loosing the values, but we have to be ruled by the Word of God and there are principles to use to work according the mercy and love for others, Jesus called us for the sake of others, this is our first mission and I have to consider that we can work at any place in the market but I can’t forget that first I am a Christian and I have to do everything for the sake of others. This is the only way we can transform a society and transform what is around us.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Research Paper on Copyright

Research Paper on Copyright Copyright is a universal law created to protect authors’ of original creations’.It promotes the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries’.( U.S Constitution, Article 1, Section 8). It grants the authors’ exclusive ownership and legally allows them to deny others the privilege of using their works. Copyright can be placed on anything in tangible medium such as; literary, artistic, dramatic or  architectural works, however, it doesn’t cover material in the public domain. It was first introduced in 1790, although most creations before the twentieth century were not copyrighted. The basic length of copyright is determined by adding seventy years onto the lifespan of the author. It cannot be renewed. This essay will focus on three main aspects of Internet Copyright. Firstly, it will discuss existing copyright laws, secondly it will analys e copyright infringements on these laws and finally it will discuss the importance of knowing and understanding copyright. Copyright laws on the Internet differ in each country but they tend to cover the same principles. The act of Fair Dealing allows people to use a part of an original document without the permission of the author, however, the author of the original work and the source from which it originated must be cited. It must be a reasonable amount used only for research, teaching,  criticism or comment with no financial gain. In the case of copying pictures or photographs, permission from the owner must always be sought with the exception of four things; it is owned by the government, was published before 1922 and registered at a Copyright office, advertised as free or in the public domain. The failure to comply by these regulations is known as plagairism. Laws relating to software are very simple. One copy of the program is allowed to be stored on a computer and one back up disc can be made, any more copies made or distributed are illegal and referred to as software piracy. Profit made by re gistering other peoples’ trademarks as one’s own is called Cyber squatting and although not as easy or as common anymore, it is still illegal. These laws protect original work and present businesses with the opportunity of advancement. They allow the public to use or view works within limits and are a small requirement for the vast amount of information available on the internet. Infringements on Copyright, although being a federal offence, are common practices on the internet Software piracy is a worldwide problem. â€Å"Software companies are launching more and more lawsuits against major infractors†.( Webopedia, 2003, p. 1) Software is easy to duplicate therefore making it  vulnerable to infringement. Share ware attempts to lower piracy by encouraging users to supply others’ with copies in the hope that they will enjoy it enough to buy the full version or pay a small monthly fee directly to the author. Illegally copying software doesn’t just affect the company but the user  as well as they  receive no documentation, customer support or update information on products. Piracy diminishes the worth of a program and proves difficult for small companies to stay in business. Cyber squatting is in illegal practice, common around the time of the birth of the Internet. Businesses were unaware of the Internets’ potential so people th ought registering a well known trademark and waiting until the rightful owner realized the internets power would be profitable as they could sell the domain name back to the rightful owner . Panasonic, Avon and Hertz were all victims of cyber squatting. Today, the importance of having a domain name is common knowledge thus diminishing the number of cyber squatters rapidly. Plagairism is the most common illegal practice on the internet. Plagairism is very easy to do but doesn’t come without its’ consequences. Plagairisers are easily found on the internet with search engines, enabling authors to locate improper copies of their work and rightly prosecuting the offender/s. Plagairism also includes forwarding an email in which the intnded use has been altered.Students found to commit any of these face lowered marks, failure and even expulsion from schools. Infringement on Copyright is a violation of the law and property rights of the authors and deprives them of due credit of their hard work and efforts and can evolve into a costly court case. It is of paramount importance to know and understand the laws of copyright. Abiding by the rules can literally save people millions of dollars. Copyright is a protection act and to defy it is to defy others the right to display their work and to receive credit on their achievements. As mentioned earlier, knowing these laws can be the difference beween passing a course or being diqualified. It is an incentive for students and the general population to create something original and share it with the rest of the world. Most importantly knowing and understanding these laws enables the system to run smoother and creates space for people to better their work. Internet Copyright is a valued law which is not taken seriously enough. Infringing Copyright is unfair on everybody. It inhibits innovation, diminishes the value of an artists’work, makes it harder on businesses and dissolves the credit to artists for their hard work, time and effort to produce work which is there for everyone to enjoy. Stronger laws and penalties will have to be introduced if Copyright infringement is going to lower or stop. Cd and DVD burners on the market and in computers contradict the regulations of copyright, almost making it legal to defy it. Why buy a product when it can be produced for a tenth of the cost? Why not copy information from the internet- who is going to find out? The internet is the biggest threat to copyright and with these unresolved issues its’ future appears unsuccessful.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Word Choice Devise vs. Device

Word Choice Devise vs. Device Word Choice: Device vs. Devise The words â€Å"device† and â€Å"devise† are both derived from the Old French word deviser, which meant â€Å"to arrange a division.† But despite their shared origin, â€Å"device† and â€Å"devise† are very different in modern English: One is a noun, the other is a verb, and neither is used to describe arranging divisions. Confused? You’re not the only one. We get plenty of requests for advice about these words, particularly from international students. And it’s important to know the difference between these terms if you want to use them in your academic writing. So we’ve prepared this quick guide to clear things up. Device (A Gadget) The primary meaning of the noun â€Å"device† is a gadget designed to perform a particular task: Fred made his millions after inventing a device for eating a taco without making a mess. In a literary context, a â€Å"device† can also be a technique used to achieve a particular effect: In Jabberwocky, Lewis Carroll uses portmanteau as an effective literary device. The word â€Å"device† is also sometimes used in the figure of speech â€Å"left to one’s own devices,† meaning to allow someone to do as they please. This is because of an old-fashioned use of the word â€Å"device† to mean â€Å"scheme.† Devise (To Plan or Plot) The verb â€Å"devise† is closer to the Old French from which it’s derived, meaning â€Å"to come up with a plan†: Realizing she wasn’t going to finish her paper on time, Terri devised a new system for tackling her schoolwork. The only context in which this differs is law, where â€Å"devise† is sometimes used as a noun describing either: a) property or land distributed in a will; or b) the act of distributing said property/land. Unless you are writing about law, however, you shouldn’t need to remember this definition. Device or Devise? Since these words are generally very different in their modern usage, it’s usually easy to remember which applies in any given situation: Device (noun) = A gadget Devise (verb) = Come up with a plan The tricky one to look out for is when â€Å"devise† is used in its legal sense, but this should be easy to spot from the context. To make absolutely sure you avoid this and similar mix-ups in your work, however, it never hurts to have a professional double-check everything. Why not try sending a 500-word sample to be proofread for free today?

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Management of information technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Management of information technology - Essay Example in this hostile environment and to cope with such dynamic environment brought by information technology, it is extremely important to keep pace with management, technological and organizational issues concerned with the development and use of information systems. There are massive issues in this field and they need to be thoroughly evaluated in order to reap maximum benefits. This report explores the management and other issues related with information technology in the leading bank of Middle East, Eskan bank. Eskan bank has a huge customer base and it has been consistently expanding for the past few years. With increased competition from the rival banks entering the market and with consumers demanding a wider range of financial services, the bank was looking for ways to exploit the available technology to sustain its lead. It took a major shift in its direction and invested in information technology and acquired a core banking solution for its banking operations from a well-renowned software service provider Misys. Information Systems Strategic Planning (ISSP) refers to the â€Å"activities directed toward (1) recognizing organizational opportunities for using information technology, (2) determining the resource requirements to exploit these opportunities, (3) and developing strategies and action plans for realizing these opportunities and for meeting the resource needs† (Boynton and Smud, 1987, p.59). Strategic planning is a top level management activity and it requires absolute commitment from those positioned at the higher level of organizational hierarchy. The strategic plan charters the mission, short term and long term plans of the organization. The need for improved information systems project planning has been obvious because the cost of information system has risen rapidly and it’s approximately forty percent of the total expenses in some organizations (Hoffer, George and Valacich 2002, p. 141) As the Eskan bank was embroiled in a competitive

Friday, November 1, 2019

The Things They Carried Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Things They Carried - Essay Example The main thing that we learn about Jimmy Cross at the beginning of the story is that he is a romantic, and that there is one specific girl that Jimmy finds himself infatuated with. Unfortunately, a person in the position that Jimmy was in cannot afford to be a romantic who daydreams constantly about a girl back home. The extent to which he values these letters, which aren‘t really even love letters, can be shown in the care he takes of them: â€Å"he would dig his foxhole, wash his hands under a canteen, unwrap the letters, hold them with the tips of his fingers, and spend the last hour of light pretending† (O’Brien, 2). From the extreme care that he takes of the letters, we can see that they are highly prized possessions. He is obviously infatuated with the girl as he wonders if â€Å"Martha was a virgin† (2). Despite the contents of the letter obviously lacking in any sort of romantic intent from Martha, Jimmy Cross is obviously thinking about a future wi th this girl once he gets back from Vietnam. It is this distraction that leads Cross to making the mistakes that he does in the story. Because of his distraction, the soldier, Ted Lavender, is shot. The author describes Jimmy’s distraction by stating â€Å"Lieutenant Cross gazed at the tunnel. But he was not there. He was buried with Martha under the white sand at the Jersey shore† (12). Cross was supposed to be in charge of the platoon, and he was supposed to keep his men safe. He could hardly pay attention to the extent that he needed to and think about Martha to the extent that he did. He realizes that he is to blame for Lavender’s death: â€Å"He had loved Martha more than his men, and as a consequence Lavender was now dead† (16). If nothing had happened, then the argument could be made that his daydreaming was harmless, though this is obviously not the case. While this particular death would have been

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

High Profile corporate collapses in the last two decades have been Assignment

High Profile corporate collapses in the last two decades have been attributed to laxities in the regulatory framework of financi - Assignment Example In June 2002, the EU has adopted a regulation to prepare their financial statements in agreement with IFRS or IAS which is required to be followed by all listed European Union companies in the regulated markets. Companies are open to select their national reporting standards and follow Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) for associate and subsidiary companies. The regulation is applicable only on the consolidated accounts. The regulation came into consideration from the year 2005 (PwC, 2005). With an aim to develop common accounting standards in 1973, nine countries including UK formed International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC). Over hundred countries have it’s become members. Countries, especially bigger economies, are bringing in their own perspectives and adapting to this accounting standards. In coming up with common acceptable accounting standards IASC had to deal with accounting conflictions (Accounting Standards Board, 1999). IASC has not been succe ssful in resolving all the conflicts with all member countries as it is nearly an impossible task to fully satisfy more than hundred accounting bodies from across the world. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) or International Accounting Standards (IAS) is applicable to more than 90 countries. ... Except for some changes in IAS 39 relating to the fair value of financial instruments, IFRS 6 and some of the IFRIC interpretations, European Union has now endorsed IFRS (IFRS, 2012). The EU regulation is only enforceable for listed companies. A member state has an alternative to extend the use of IFRS within their jurisdiction to unlisted companies. Department of Trade and Industry has said that the unlisted companies would still be permitted to adopt IFRS over UK GAAP as there is no mandatory instructions for unlisted companies to move to IFRS (IFRS, 2012). Arguments in favour of financial reporting regulation Mainstream economistic reasoning has also been influential in respect of the issue of how best to regulate financial accounting. Some of the above perspectives have implications for how accounting should be regulated. Perspectives that assume the existence of perfect information clearly would not see the need for further regulation. Under the scenario of perfect and complete markets, a company that accepted all projects with non-negative present values would simply have to announce these present values or cash flows to the market, if we take a slightly less abstract view (although strictly in such reasoning this would automatically happen for markets to be perfect and complete). The value of the company would then equal the present value of these cash flows, which in turn would equal the market price. Under these circumstances one may even question whether annual reports are necessary. Within mainstream economic thinking (that assumes ‘perfect and complete markets’ to maximise well-being and the role of ‘accounting information’ to be confined to serving markets), the answer to this question would be in the negative as it would be to the question ‘is

Monday, October 28, 2019

Economic Impacts of Minimum Wage Increase Essay Example for Free

Economic Impacts of Minimum Wage Increase Essay The Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007 increased the minimum wage of $5. 15 per hour to $7. 15 per hour. It is believed that an increase in the minimum wage will not create negative implications on jobs, employment and inflation. Rather, wage increase legislated in the past three decades have made the most positive impacts in the economy, as the economy experienced the strongest growth during these times, and at the same time has generated more jobs. In contrast, when the minimum wage was held at a stagnant rate, fewer jobs have been created (Democrats Discuss†¦). Moreover, wages held at the minimum level translates to lower productivity level. In addition, states that are based on the minimum wage rates suffer from the high occurrence of unemployment. This is true in the case of Virginia, Wyoming and Hawaii; wherein the wages were kept in the minimum level which resulted to high percentage of unemployment. In addition to this, the increase in the unemployment rate is translated to changes in the GDP. According to economist Arthur Khon, every 1% increase in unemployment rate, the GDP falls by 2.5-3%. Therefore, if the wage rate is always kept at a minimum level, the tendency that unemployment rate will rise also increases, thus it creates a negative effect towards the country’s GDP (Mackenzie). Therefore, an increase in the minimum wage rate will have direct effects in the economy. First, it will translate in the increase of productivity level of the workers, it will also improve the buying power of the consumers and it will lessen the unemployment rate – all of which will have a positive rise in the GDP of the country.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Computer Crime :: Criminal Justice

Formatting Problems In today's society our most valuable commodity is not grain, steel or even technology; it is information. Because of computer networks, just about everyone can now access an astounding range of information. The Internet is international, even though 80 percent of the Internet use occurs in the United States, and a staggering amount of information on every subject imaginable is available for free. Because so many people now have access, computer crimes have become more frequent. Everyone with a computer and a modem can commit a computer crime if so inclined. Anyone, conceivably, could become a "white collar" computer criminal. When the term "white collar" crime came into wide spread use several decades ago, it was thought that certain crimes were committed by persons whom no one would normally suspect of criminal behavior: professional, "white collar" workers. In the late 1990's, however, the term "white collar" is somewhat inaccurate. The playing field has been leveled by the widespr ead use of computers. Now "white collar crime" tends to mean simply "non violent crime" or "economic crime." As technology becomes increasingly accessible to more and more people, it also becomes a potential tool for increasing numbers of criminals. Most computer crimes do not involve violence but rather greed, pride, or play on some character weakness of the victim. They are based on dishonesty and not force. For these reasons, computer crimes are considered white collar. Just as the term "white collar crime" designates several kinds of crime, the term computer crime also designated several types of crime. It includes crimes that are committed with a computer, crimes that occur in cyber space, and crimes committed against a computer. Some of the crimes are completely new; while others are older crimes that merely use the computer as a tool. The endless and constant growing variety of computer crimes makes it difficult to pass laws that adequately cover new computer crimes. Some cri mes such as embezzlement, wire fraud, and forgery, are already covered under existing law. Others, such as cyber vandalism, cyber terrorism, and cyber espionage, are relatively new. For these newer crimes, the letter of the existing law sometimes does not allow prosecution of what clearly is criminal behavior. Employees and ex-employees of the victimized company commit most "white collar crimes". Likewise about 75 to 80 percent of prosecuted computer crimes are committed by current or former employees. There are many different kinds of computer crimes ranging from identity theft to sexual harassment to otherwise ordinary "white collar" crimes that happen to involve a computer.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Royal Dutch Shell

Royal Dutch Shell: Human Rights in Nigeria Case Analysis International Business April 22, 2013 The History Royal Dutch Shell is a global company. It has about 93,000 employees and is located in more than 90 countries. It is an energy and petrochemicals business. In the US it was founded in 1912 by the American Gasoline Company to sell gasoline along the Pacific Coast, and Roxanna Petroleum to buy oil product properties in Oklahoma (according to Shell. US website). However, it was founded in 1907 in Europe when Royal Dutch Petroleum Company and the Shell Transport and Trading Company Ltd merged.This was done to help the company compete globally. It has done several mergers and buyouts in its hundred plus years of business. Throughout the years Shell has made changes in their business to better compete in the market from becoming a global business to investing in research and development in the newest and latest energy technologies. Today it is in the top six of oil and gas companies. It produces around 3. 1 million barrels of oil equivalent per day. The Problem The Guardian News has run an article reporting on the inconsistencies of what the Royal Dutch Shell has committed to and the reality of the situation.Two hospitals that we built in the Ogoni region of Nigeria are diametrically opposite of each other in health standards and overall aesthetics. The company has reported that it is committed to the social well-being of the area, but the reality is completely different. The Situation The situation is that we have as part of the 1996 â€Å"Ogani Reconciliation† plan committed to the social and economic well-being of the local communities. There has been millions of dollars sent to the country allocated to the areas of hospitals and medical care as well as to other needs.Though resources have been sent to build hospitals for the region, the reality is that any of the improvements that was said to be done are seriously subpar to any health standard of any country. Improvements have been done with little regard to the needs of the people and were primarily done so that it can be said that the company was committed to the local region. Though millions has been sent to the country, much of this has been siphoned off to other areas of government and possible to fill the pockets of people that are in the place of authority. Also, some decisions have been made without direct input from the region itself.What to build? Where to build? How to allocate resources? These are all questions that need a comprehensive answer that involves each of the concerned parties. It is concerning that these issues have been allowed to happen. A company of their size and magnitude should not have allowed these community projects be the mockery of the press. Royal Dutch Shell is a company that has many well rounded and sound business plans. The execution and maintenance of these business plans is one of Shell’s main issues. They have the ability to creat e great business plans but lack the commitment to maintain them and sometime execute them in all areas.Marketing Issues The company has had a lot of negative publicity due to the companies operation in the Ogani region of Nigeria. The company is seen to be working hand-in-hand with Nigerian security personnel with little regard to the local minority people of that region. This is causing violence and unrest of the region as well sabotage of the oil pipelines causing oil spills and environmental damage. Actions For the short term, we need to consider the following objectives: * One of the first steps is to make sure the hospital consistently has the electricity and the fuel to run a backup generator.Provide backup generators with the fuel to run them when necessary. If a lavish hospital can be kept up for the employees of our company we can keep up adequate levels of care of Gokana. This will serve as big public relations improvement. * The company should use its knowledge to help ou t the struggling hospital and install wind and solar power technology so they can lower the cost of electricity and help improve a bad situation. * The company should consider helping and sharing their equipment, employees, ambulances, etc. with the hospital in Ogoniland.This will show the community that Shell is â€Å"being a good neighbor†, which in turn would boost the communities morale. * Making improvements on the hospital will directly affect the people of the region. * Setup a working committee with MOSOP (Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People) and Nigerian national representatives, as well as an independent group to oversee any agreements. * Work with the region to start making the improvements that will directly affect the people of the region. * Take responsibility of the oil spills due to company failure and get these cleaned up. Take responsibility for all of the pollution * Use the people of the company to reach out into the community and start community clean up days so the people can help clean up their community and also have a little ownership into the improvements. * Review the companies committees and oversight boards and make sure that the people in place are committed to working with the region. * Reach out to the community with surveys to the people to get their feelings about Shell and what they would like to see improve. * Once improvements are made hold a press conference to help with the PR of the company.It is obvious that the public relations area has suffered. Make it a point to show what is being done to help the area. The long term goals would be to: * Work with the MOSOP to get a comprehensive plan in place that will work to end the protests and sabotage of company pipelines. * Put a sustainable corporate plan in place with independent review that all policies are being adhered to by all officers pertinent to this region. * By getting these agreements, and with the investments in the local infrastructure will cau se less problems that will need money allocated to them. Work to develop better company practices to promote a higher sense of ethics and their climates in the work place * Change their business approach from an egoistic approach to a principal-based approach (integrity approach based on laws) Conclusion Caution will be needed due to the political environment and instability of Nigeria. The company will always need to be aware of what is going on politically on both the national and local levels. The corporate actions taken by Royal Dutch Shell has affected and destroyed a community.The company has tried to recover and fixed what they have done but they have not succeeded in doing so. Royal Dutch Shell has to build a relationship of trust with the Nigerian community. They have to let the community be heard when they are reaching out to let the company know what they need and allow them to be part of the reconstruction and rebuilding of their community. Shell is a very lucrative comp any that makes millions of dollars a day; they would be very hurt to lose this business operation base in Nigeria. Shell went from an egoistic operation in Nigeria to a principle based operation.If Shell even took on a larger sense of social responsibility, they would have gained a larger competitive advantage over the competition. Though the company was acquitted of several charges in January of 2013 by the Dutch courts and made responsible for the oil spills on the last count, there will be unrest in the local region as they want to make the company responsible for all of the problems. Careful steps will need to be taken to address the concerns in such a way to help the region and to lessen the criticism of the people and media.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

External environmental influences Essay

The external environmental factors described in the following essay have a direct or indirect influence on HRM. To be effective, HR managers must monitor the environment on an ongoing basis; assess the impact of any changes; and be proactive in implementing policies and programs to deal with such challenges. Economic Environment The economic environment has a major impact on business in general and the management of human resources in particular. Economic conditions affect supply and demand for products and services, which, in turn, have a dramatic impact on the labour force by affecting the number and types of employees required, as well as an employer’s ability to pay wages and provide benefits. When the economy is healthy, companies often hire more workers as demand for products and services increases. Consequently, unemployment rates fall, there is more competition for qualified employees, and training and retention strategies increase in importance. Conversely, during a downturn, some firms reduce pay and benefits in order to retain workers. Other employers are forced to downsize, by offering attractive early retirement and early leave programs or by laying off and terminating employees. Unemployment rates rise, and employers are often overwhelmed with applicants when vacancies are advertised. In most organizations today, productivity improvement is essential for long-term success. Through productivity gains, managers can reduce costs, conserve scarce resources, and increase profits. This leads to a win-win situation, since higher profits often result in better compensation and improved working conditions, thereby enhancing the employees’ quality of work life and their motivation to further improve productivity. Australia’s relatively low productivity growth rate and high labour costs are of grave concern, since competition with foreign companies has become increasingly important. Australia’s economic success increasingly depends on the ability of Australian employers to meet international quality and  productivity standards and become more cost-competitive. This applies to firms selling products and services in the domestic market, in which foreign competition is increasingly a factor, as well as those with international markets. Labour Market Conditions The labour market is the geographic area from which an organization recruits employees and where individuals seek employment. In other words, it is the area in which the forces of supply and demand interact. The labour market is often different for various employee groups within an organization. While clerical and technical employees are generally recruited locally, the labour market for senior managers and highly specialized employees is often national or even international in scope. One measure of an organization’s effectiveness is its ability to compete successfully for high calibre human resources. Many factors motivate candidates to seek employment with a particular organization, including type of business/industry, reputation, opportunities for advancement, compensation, job security, and working conditions. Location and climate and other aspects of a firm’s physical surroundings, such as housing, commuting, and living costs, can help or hinder a firm’s ability to attract and retain employees. Recent population shifts to the coastal and small towns and rural areas can be attributed, at least in part, to the desire of many individuals to work and live in what they perceive to be a more desirable physical environment. Such shifts alter the demand for and supply of individuals in local labour markets, a factor that firms must always take into account when deciding where to establish a new venture, expand, or downsize. Because the labour market is not controlled or influenced by any one factor, it is unstructured and often unpredictable. Nevertheless, organizations must constantly monitor and track trends affecting supply and demand of human  resources. By doing so, they can gather information about the prevailing pay rates for employees with particular talents or skills, and estimate how difficult it is likely to be to attract and recruit staff. Labour market conditions should also be monitored to determine present and emerging trends (such as the changing composition of the labour force) as well as changing values and expectations, so that policies and programs can be adapted and/or designed in order to recognize and take advantage of these trends. Globalization Globalization refers to the tendency of firms to extend their sales or manufacturing to new markets abroad. For businesses everywhere, the rate of globalization in the past few years has been nothing short of phenomenal. â€Å"The bottom line is that the growing integration of the world economy into a single, huge marketplace is increasing the intensity of competition in a wide range of manufacturing and service industries.† Production is becoming globalized, too, as firms around the world put manufacturing facilities where they will be most advantageous. Also, there are increasing numbers of multinational corporations–firms that conduct a large part of business outside the country in which they are headquartered and that locate a significant percentage of their physical facilities and human resources in other countries. Many organizations are locating new plants in areas where wages and other operating costs are lower. For example, Australia’s Hewlett Packard’s computers are assembled in Singapore. While cheaper labour is one reason for transferring operations abroad, another is to tap into what Fortune magazine calls â€Å"a vast new supply of skilled labour around the world.† Many multinational firms set up manufacturing plants abroad, not only to establish beachheads in promising markets, but also to utilize that country’s professionals and engineers. This globalization of markets and manufacturing has vastly increased international competition. Throughout the world, organizations that formerly  competed only with local or national firms–from airlines to automobile makers to banks–are now facing an onslaught of foreign competitors. From boosting the productivity of a global labour force to formulating selection, training, and compensation policies for expatriate employees, managing globalization and its effects on competitiveness will thus continue to be a major HR challenge in the years to come. Demographic Trends and Increasing Work-force Diversity Demographics refers to the characteristics of the work force, which include age, sex, marital status, and education level. Demographic changes occur slowly and are well measured, which means that they are known in advance. The fact that Australia’s labour force is becoming increasingly diverse is one of the major challenges confronting HR managers today. Diversity refers to â€Å"†¦ any attribute that humans are likely to use to tell themselves, ‘that person is different from me,'† and thus includes such factors as race, gender, age, values, and cultural norms. Population Growth The single most important factor governing the size and composition of the labour force is population growth. Currently, the fastest growing groups in the Australian work force are women, visible minorities, Aboriginal people, and persons with disabilities. Age The baby boomers, born between 1946 and 1965, began crowding into the labour market in the late 1960s. The sheer number of â€Å"boomers† helped to expand the economy and made it easier for HR departments to focus on issues such as cost containment, since recruitment and selection, while important, were not the most critical problems. During the 1990s, individuals in this â€Å"population bulge† experienced a great deal of competition for advancement. This challenged managers to find new strategies for forging career paths, such as lateral moves, to keep this group motivated and satisfied. The  oldest of the baby boomers are now in their mid-fifties. Life expectancies have increased and fertility rates have declined, the average age of the population is increasing substantially. Since some baby boomers have already taken advantage of generous early retirement programs and many more will be retiring over the 25 years, pension plan and social security benefits issues are starting to present a very serious concern for employers and governments, given the smaller labour force available to support the retirees. Many organizations with a primary interest in the younger age group, such as retail establishments and fast-food chains, have already started to feel the impact of the fact that the population from which they have traditionally gained customers and part-time workers is starting to shrink dramatically. Some employers have undertaken initiatives to attract older workers, especially those who have taken early retirement, by offering job sharing and expanding the number of part-time hours available. For example, McDonald’s Restaurants of Australia is another organization that is actively recruiting seniors, as well as directing advertising efforts to appeal to the senior market. HR specialists must remember that many HR policies, benefits plans, and reward systems that attract and motivate employees in one age group may not appeal to those in another due to differing values and priorities. Education The level of education of the Australian labour force is increasing at a significant rate. more Australians are pursuing higher education, through a variety of institutions ranging from universities and colleges/TAFEs to trade schools, private-sector organizations, and professional associations.  growth in the number of cooperative-education programs, designed to enable students to gain work experience while still attending school, and of  distance-education opportunities, which mesh Internet technology with the fundamental need to continue learning. Given the higher expectations of the better-educated labour force, managers are expected to try to ensure that the talents and capabilities of employees are fully utilized and that opportunities are provided for career growth. In today’s economic climate, doing so is not always possible. Visible and Ethnic Minorities The proportion of visible and ethnic minorities entering the Australian labour market is growing, in jobs ranging from general labour to technical, professional, and skilled trades. Ethnic diversity is also increasing. Thus, HR specialists must ensure that policies and programs are developed in their organizations to accommodate and celebrate the diverse cultural characteristics of visible and ethnic minority employees, something that requires much more than ensuring compliance with human rights legislation. Women The growing presence of women has been one of the dominant trends in Australia’s labour force since the 1950s. Factors contributing to the dramatic increase in female participation rate include smaller family size, increased divorce rate, the need and desire for dual family incomes, increased educational level, and the availability of more-flexible working hours and part-time jobs. The employment rate for women has also continued to climb. Recent studies have shown that women have moved into occupations in which the unemployment rate is low, while men tend to be clustered in jobs in which the risk of unemployment is much higher.73 There is still strong evidence that women are underutilized in the Australian work force, however. Aboriginal Peoples Indigenous peoples are still facing considerable difficulty in obtaining jobs and advancing in the workplace. Persons with Disabilities Despite the fact that human rights legislation in every Australian jurisdiction prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities, Australians with disabilities continue to confront physical barriers to equality every day. Inaccessibility is still the rule, not the exception. Even though studies show that there are no performance differences in terms of productivity, attendance, and average tenure between employees who classify themselves as having a disability and those who do not, persons with disabilities continue on average to experience high rates of unemployment and underemployment, and lower pay. Overall Impact of Increasing Diversity Managers must be extremely aware that related to the work-force diversity described above are significant value differences about the overall importance of work, what aspects or characteristics of a job are most important, tolerance of discipline in terms of hours and pace of work, attitudes toward authority, and definition of loyalty. Employees increasingly expect to exercise more freedom from management control, and are more demanding and questioning. More people are seeking jobs that are attuned to their personal values and provide the opportunity for them to bring their personalities to work with them,87 as well as flexible work arrangements and other programs that will enable them to balance their work and personal lives.88 Policies and practices must be adapted to embrace the diversity of the dominant values represented in an organization’s work force. Trends in the Nature of Jobs and Work Major changes have been occurring in the nature of jobs and work, in part as a response to a number of the environmental challenges already discussed. Telecommuting, is the use of microcomputers, networks, and other communications technology (such as fax machines) to perform in the home work that is traditionally done in the workplace. Many firms are using more contingent employees–defined as workers who do not have regular full-time or part-time employment status–to handle vacation and leave coverage, peak-period demands, extra workload, and specialized tasks or assignments. Included are contract workers, seasonal workers, casual and non-regular part-time employees, temporary employees, independent contractors (freelancers), consultants, and leased employees.108 Contingent workers currently account for about 12 percent of all jobs in Australia, a figure that is expected to reach 25 percent by 2010.109 There are more regular part-time employees in Australia than ever before. These are individuals who work fewer hours than fulltime core employees, typically during peak periods (such as evenings and weekends in retail stores and restaurants). Approximately 33 percent of all employed women work part-time: two-thirds of them by preference, and the other one third because they were unable to obtain full-time employment.112 The fact that part-time workers are often paid less than their full-time counterparts–and may not have benefits coverage–has raised some major equity concerns. Small businesses, classified as firms with fewer than 50 employees, whether sole proprietorships, partnerships or corporations, are a large and increasingly important part of the Australian economy. A Service Society Employment trends in Australia have been experiencing dramatic change. The primary sector, which includes agriculture, fishing and trapping, forestry, and mining, now represents only 2.8 percent of jobs. While the secondary  sector (manufacturing and construction) has grown In common with trends in Western Europe and the U.S., the sector of the Australian economy accounting for the greatest growth in recent decades is the tertiary or service sector, which includes public administration, personal and business services, finance, trade, public utilities, and transportation/communications. While much of this growth is attributable to rapid technological change (initially in the form of automation and more recently in improvements in IT), part is due to an increase in outsourcing of particular activities by primary- and secondary-sector firms to decrease costs and increase efficiency. Subcontracted functions range from building maintenance to provision of security, cafeteria management and laundry services to payroll and training and development. Since all jobs in this sector involve the provision of service, often in person but increasingly through the design, installation, and maintenance of service-providing technologies (such as automated banking machines and cable television), effectively managing and motivating human resources is critical. Although there are some lesser-skilled jobs (in housekeeping and food services, for example), many service-sector jobs demand knowledge workers, employees who transform information into a product or service, whose responsibilities include planning, problem solving, and decision making. Knowledge Work and Human Capital Management expert Peter Drucker has said that â€Å"the foundation of an organization is not money or capital or technology–it’s knowledge and education (human capital). By 2005, knowledge workers will be the single largest group in the labour force.†116 He is not alone in this belief. Many experts believe that the distinguishing characteristic of companies today and tomorrow is this growing emphasis on human capital. Jobs today in all sectors demand a level of expertise far beyond that required of most workers 20 or 30 years ago, which means that human capital is quickly replacing machines as the basis for most firms’ success. Furthermore, it is not  unusual for more than one-quarter of sales to come from products less than five years old. As a result, â€Å"innovating–creating new products, new services, and new ways of turning out goods more cheaply–has become the most urgent concern of corporations everywhere.†11 For managers, the challenge of fostering intellectual or human capital lies in the fact that knowledge workers must be managed differently than workers of previous generations. New HRM systems and skills are required to select and train such employees, encourage self-discipline, win employee commitment, and spark creativity. Apple computers is one organization that has learned how to encourage creativity and access the skills and ideas of all of its employees:118 Technology It is mainly through technological innovation that firms develop new products and services and/or improve existing ones in order to remain competitive, and gain the productivity and quality needed for competitive advantage. Manufacturing advances, such as robotics and computer-aided design / computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), have eliminated many blue-collar jobs, replacing them with fewer but more highly skilled jobs. When robots were introduced in the automobile industry, for instance, there was a major decrease in the demand for welders and painters, but a new demand for technicians who could program, install, and service automated equipment.89 Due to computer technology, similar changes have been occurring in the nature of office work. Optical scanners, computerized x-ray scanners, and Magnetic Resonance Imagery (MRI) are technological advances that have caused major occupational changes in the medical field over the past few decades, and such advances are being made every d ay. Currently, for example, a few doctors are attempting to revolutionize heart surgery using computer assistance and robotic arms.90 The overall impact of the technological changes affecting almost every field is that labour-intensive blue-collar and clerical jobs have been decreasing, while technical, managerial, and professional jobs are on the increase. This shift in employment opportunities has many implications for organizations: jobs and organization  structures are being redesigned; new incentive and compensation plans are being instituted; revised job descriptions are being written; and new programs are being instituted for employee selection, evaluation, and training/retraining–all with the help of HR specialists. Unfortunately, the training of the Australian labour force has not kept pace with the rate of technological change and innovation. Consequently, there is a scarcity of skills in certain fields. Many Australian firms, such as Telstra, inevitably have to look outside of Australia to fill their high-tech openings, which is rather disturbing given the fact that there are currently about 1.1 million Australians seeking employment. While much of the impact of information technology has been positive, it has also led to some organizational problems. For many employees, it has created anxiety, tension, resentment, and alienation. Unions have consistently expressed concerns about job displacement and health hazards, such as those related to video display terminals. All of these issues must be addressed through effective HRM practices such as information sharing, counselling, ergonomic refitting, job redesign, and training. Information technology has also hastened what experts call the â€Å"fall of hierarchy,† or promotion of egalitarianism. Power and authority are spread more evenly among all employees. For example, with â€Å"distributed computing,† every employee with a personal computer on his or her desk can tap into the firm’s computer network and obtain needed information. Expecting employees to make more decisions has implications for selection, training, and compensation. Questions concerning data control, accuracy, right to privacy, and ethics are at the core of a growing controversy brought about by the new information technologies. Sophisticated computerized control systems are used to monitor employee speed, accuracy, and efficiency in some firms, including IBM Australia. More and more firms are also monitoring employee e-mail, voice  mail, telephone conversations, and computer usage, and some now monitor employee behaviour using video surveillance.94 Reasons for such monitoring include eliminating time wastage, deterring abuse of company resources, protecting network security, preventing misappropriation of company resources, ensuring compliance with health and safety standards and regulations and other legislation, and monitoring employee behaviour and performance. Employers considering monitoring employees should be aware that doing so may present both practical and legal problems: such monitoring may have counterproductive results such as increased job stress, decreased morale and productivity, lowered employee self-esteem, and decreased trust in and respect for the employer Setting up and maintaining a monitoring system may involve significant economic costs surveillance of employees in the workplace raises the controversial legal issue of employee privacy rights. Human Resources Information Systems Changing technology has also had major implications for HR departments. Over the past few decades, many firms introduced a Human Resources Information System (HRIS) to store detailed information on employees, HR policies and procedures, government laws and regulations, collective agreements, etc. HRIS computer applications include: salary and benefits administration; tracking statistics on absenteeism, grievances, and health and safety; collecting data for government statistical reporting and employment equity purposes; advertising jobs and recruiting candidates; and communicating with employees. Computers are now being used not only for storage, retrieval and analysis of information but for broader applications, including basic report production, long-range forecasting and strategic planning, and evaluation of HR policies and practices. Such systems can decrease time lost to comparatively non-productive work like data entry and employee scheduling, thereby providing time for HR department employees and managers throughout the firm  to focus on more strategic issues. Today, many Australian firms, are utilizing computer technology even more extensively by introducing a Human Resources Management System (HRMS), defined as an information management system accessible to staff at all levels, designed to ensure that the organization’s human resources are recruited, selected, developed, employed, deployed, and supported effectively. Functional applications include succession planning, pension plan projections and eligibility monitoring, interactive employee retirement training, and more. Self-service applications for employees and managers ensure that information reaches those who need it, with one-time data entry, less maintenance, and improved quality and accuracy. Government Various laws enacted by governments have had and will continue to have a dramatic impact on the employer-employee relationship in Australia. In one recent survey, 70 percent of the HR specialists responding cited changing regulatory requirements as a major factor altering their work environment. The legal framework for employment includes: constitutional law, particularly the Charter of Rights and Freedoms; acts of parliament; common law, which is the accumulation of judicial precedents that do not derive from specific pieces of legislation; and contract law, which governs collective agreements and individual employment contracts. Such laws impose specific requirements and constraints on management policies, procedures, and practices. Some of the employment-related legislation is aimed at prohibiting discrimination in various aspects and terms and conditions of employment, such as human rights, employment equity, and pay equity. Other laws require employers to meet certain obligations, such as occupational health and safety, employment standards, and labour relations. Still others make various payments mandatory, such as Workers’ Compensation, Employment Insurance, and the Australia Superannuation Plans. All of the laws mentioned above and their regulations have important  implications for all managers, since they must: Stay abreast of legislative developments is a major ongoing responsibility. Often, the HR department staff members play a major role in helping other managers to remain current by circulating reading material or holding seminars. Develop and administer policies and practices that ensure compliance to avoid loss of government contracts, suits by affected employees or regulatory bodies, fines, and bad publicity. Try to ensure that compliance does not interfere with the efficient and effective accomplishment of their other responsibilities. This means finding ways to comply with regulatory requirements with as little cost and disruption as possible. For example, many firms have developed manuals, videotapes, and self-administered quizzes, such that employees can study independently at home or at work during off-peak times, and submit their completed quizzes for evaluation and verification of training completion. Bibliography 1. Baron, J.N. and Kreps, D.M. (1999) ‘Consistent human resourcepractices’,California Management Review, 41(3), pp.29-53. 2. De Cieri, H. and Kramar, R. (2003) Human Resource Management in Australia; strategy, people, performance, McGraw Hill Australia. 3. Dessler, Griffiths and Lloyd-Walker (2004), Human Resource Management, 2nd ed, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W. : Prentice Hall Australia 4. Heneman, H.G, Donald P. Schwab, D.P (eds) (1978), Perspectives on personnel/human resource management, Homewood, Ill : R. D. Irwin, 1978 5. Lansbury, R.D. and M. 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