Medication Compliance in Elderly :: essays research papers

Running Head Enhancing Medication Compliance in old IndividualsResearch Utilization Paper An Intervention Study to Enhance Medication Compliance in Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals Chris ElmerHSCI 401Fall 2001My research study was to determine whether everyday videotelephone or regular telephone reminders would increase the quantity of prescribed cardiac medication taken in a sample of elderly individuals who have congestive heart ill luck (CHF) (Peteva, 2001). Within this research I would disseminate the new scientific knowledge with the help of the pharmaceutic company that makes the congestive heart nonstarter medication. With the help and support of the pharmaceutical maker, I would provide a full in-service to the nursing staff of hospitals and doctors offices alike. In doing this, this would provide a neighbourly and educational atmosphere in a nursing practice setting to get complete understanding of the research findings and how they as nurses can make a differenc e in the consumption of prescribed medication. Secondly, I would write a journal article and have it published in the pharmaceuticals publicize to include a well-known nursing journal. These journal articles would contain the findings of the research and suggestions on how the nursing staff can help the patient ofs improve the compliance of fetching prescribed medication.Once the information is disseminated into the medical public, the nurses will apply the learned knowledge to their practice for the elderly patients who are taking congestive heart failure medication. First, the nurse will collect all the patients that are currently taking congestive heart failure medication and explain to them on a one-on-one basis the benefits of having reminders to comply with taking prescribed medications. Then nurse would also explain the pros and cons of the reminders and that the videotelephone reminders would be provided at no cost to the patient. If the patient agrees to utilize the vid eotelephone reminder, the patient would sign a patient secretity agreement and liability agreement for legal reasons. What the agreements would stand for is a need to know basis, meaning that the patients information is strictly confidential and those who are on a need to know basis would have access to the patients information. The liability agreement is so that the patient could not sue the pharmaceutical company or the medical facility where they are being treated if a complaint involved only the videotelephone reminder class. Once the videotelephone reminder program is implemented the pharmaceutical company and myself would provide quarterly visits to the medical site to collect data on the progress of the program.

The Spanish Revolution :: essays research papers

Ever since the fall of 1930 when the Spanish Revolution began in that respect has been no surcease of the struggle in Spain. For a long time there was a deadlock of forces, an equilibrium in the tug of war between the property holders and the destitute. Now the equilibrium is being definitely broken. The issue before Spain is every Communism or Fascism. The matter is being fought out not with ballots but with bullets and ruthless civil war. Slowly the political revolution is being definitively turned into a social revolution. From the very beginning, the mass of workers of Spain, both in the city and in the country were the determinative elements. When the students rioted before the universities in 1930 it was only when the workers joined them with a vast general strike that the regime of the military dictator, Primo de Rivera, fell and the temporary regime of General Berenguer brand up. When General Berenguer tried to hold fake elections without extending the certify to all, it was another general strike that overthrew the regime, compelled new elections, forced the king to flee and established the republic in April 1931. At this point the Syndicalist and Anarchist workers began to miscalculate their forces. Syndicalism and Anarchism, in spite of their revolutionary phraseology were able only to overthrow the old regime and to allow the new democratic republic to be set up but these movements could not go forward to the positive constructive tasks of setting up the rule of the workers. These antiquated movements were good enough to accomplish the controvert and critical tasks of overthrowing an antiquated monarchy they did not know how to deal with a modern bourgeois republic. In the course of the revolutionary movement there was set up what in fact amounts to a dual power, the masses respecting the authority of the unions and the revolutionary organizations, the government being forced at times to yield to the opinions of these mass organizations on vit al questions. At one time the bourgeois government was even forced to declare that Spain was a workers republic and to feign friendliness toward the Soviet Union. The leaders of the toilers organizations, however, did not know what to do with their power. The lending groups were composed of four principal elements the Anarchists, the Syndicalists, the Socialists and the Communists. The Anarchists were powerful enough within the trade union movement to exercise decisive influence for a time upon the whole situation.

Family Practice: Summary :: essays research papers

Family Practice Summary     The American family today, has the same problems that the Americanfamily of yesterday had. Daniel A. Sugarman, a psychologist in "Family Practice"introduces us to several case studies that seem to be the main nucleus of familyproblems today. He has put together a system called " sevensome ship canal to Keep thePeace at Home," in which he describes seven different problems within ourAmerican households today that can cause daily stirred and animal(prenominal) painwithin the family structure. The Seven case studies are based on childrensvalues that are driven by their parents emotions. "Giving up the apologue of the absolute Family," is the starting point. This is where the parents low selfesteem is driven into their child. The bordering step, "Tell it like you feel It,"describes how families should share their feelings and not hold them in. Afterthat comes, "Dont ladder predict", this is whe re a third person is used tocommunicate between two parties. Another step is, "Make your blueprintsFlexible," you should not pre-plan your childs life for them. Then he goes intothe next step, which is about Contracts called, "Learn to use contracts." Withthis step the family makes contracts with one another and then monitors and updates them so often. This helps with everybody holding to their end of the dealwhen it comes to the family issues. One of the blister locomote of all is, "Stop the"Good Guy-"Bad Guy, " routine. I feel that having someone to blame for everyproblem that arises can devastate a child. Parents quest to estimate about what theyare going to say before they say it. The last step is, "Get rid of old emotionalBaggage," I earn in-person experience in this category. I had a hard time inletting go of the old when trying to start new.     These seven go that Dr. Sugarman has came up with are great ideas indealing with Family problems.Family Practice Summary essays research papers Family Practice Summary     The American family today, has the same problems that the Americanfamily of yesterday had. Daniel A. Sugarman, a psychologist in "Family Practice"introduces us to several case studies that seem to be the main nucleus of familyproblems today. He has put together a system called "Seven Ways to Keep thePeace at Home," in which he describes seven different problems within ourAmerican households today that can cause daily emotional and physical painwithin the family structure. The Seven case studies are based on childrensvalues that are driven by their parents emotions. "Giving up the myth of theperfect Family," is the starting point. This is where the parents low selfesteem is driven into their child. The next step, "Tell it like you feel It,"describes how families should share their feelings and not hold them in. Afterthat com es, "Dont play telephone", this is where a third person is used tocommunicate between two parties. Another step is, "Make your blueprintsFlexible," you should not pre-plan your childs life for them. Then he goes intothe next step, which is about Contracts called, "Learn to use contracts." Withthis step the family makes contracts with one another and then monitors and updates them so often. This helps with everybody holding to their end of the dealwhen it comes to the family issues. One of the worst steps of all is, "Stop the"Good Guy-"Bad Guy, " routine. I feel that having someone to blame for everyproblem that arises can devastate a child. Parents need to think about what theyare going to say before they say it. The last step is, "Get rid of old emotionalBaggage," I have personal experience in this category. I had a hard time inletting go of the old when trying to start new.     These seven steps that Dr. Sugarman has came up with are great ideas indealing with Family problems.

The Mortal Deity: Helen and the God-like Trait :: Iliad Greek Gods Greece Essays

The relationship between the gods and mortals of ancient Greece is one of the most interesting topics to analyze. These gods clear over their favorite mortals, meddle in their business, and have love affairs with them. At times selfish and conniving, the gods often appear to be as blemished as the humans who worship them are. There is, however, still a distinct separation between deity and mortal. From the evidence I have seen in The Iliad, I believe that this distinction is based on something I call a god-like feature. If a human reacts towards this trait in the wrong way, and believes he embodies this trait at the level equal or surpassing to that of the gods, tragedy occurs to the human. This mistake in self-recognition will lead to severe consequences unless(prenominal) the mortal repents and accepts his humanity. In The Iliad, Helen makes the mistake of false divinity, and it is her break in associating herself as the paragon of a god-like trait and in refusing to repent that leads to her ruin. The definition of a god-like trait must first be established in the beginning the analysis of Helens behavior can be entirely understood. The gods in The Iliad present themselves as having at least one specific trait that they all can boast of. These gods are the standard for excellence for whatever trait it may be. For example, Zeus was the model of strength, Aphrodite the standard for a beautiful woman, and Apollo the master of archery. For a human to display god-like behavior, the human declares he is the best, conflicting with the premise that the gods are the best at what they do. If the human tries to step beyond his status in his annunciation or display, the gods would be offended and severe consequences usually follow. Hubris also plays a large role in god-like behavior, intertwining with it and causing a vicious circle. A god-like trait causes hubris because the mortal thinks that he displays the standard of excellence actually found in the gods. This hubris then would cause the trait to become even more divine and less mortal, leaving the man believing that he is above the gods due to this outstanding trait. Because of the trap this trait creates, it is important to be able to identify it.

Coal, Strip Mining, and its Environmental Effects Essay -- Essays Pape

Coal, flake Mining, and its Environmental Effects Going to a school like Penn State entitles you to many advantages that smaller schools dont have, such as diversity, world renowned professors, and several different majors to choose from. All of these things I knew before going to Penn State. However, one thing I was not aware of was the enormous amount of coal that the state of Pennsylvania has, and the power that its coal gives to the rest of the United States. Northeastern Pennsylvania, after all, has the only mercenary deposits of anthracite coal, the premium coal for domestic use (Lecture 2/11/02). With all of coal found in Pennsylvania, there has to be ways to pick it from the hard ground in which it resides. The two ways we learned about in class were strip mining and underground mining (2/13/02). Strip mining is the coal mining procedure that I found most interesting. Strip mining, for example, has the highest productivity out of all the ways to mine coal it extracts cardinal to forty tons of coal per worker per day (2/13/02). Also,...

Coal, Strip Mining, and its Environmental Effects Essay -- Essays Pape

Coal, Strip Mining, and its Environmental Effects Going to a school like Penn State entitles you to many advantages that smaller schools dont have, such as diversity, world renowned professors, and several different majors to choose from. All of these things I knew before going to Penn State. However, one thing I was not mindful of was the enormous amount of ember that the state of Pennsylvania has, and the power that its coal gives to the rest of the United States. Northeastern Pennsylvania, after all, has the only commercial deposits of anthracite coal, the subsidy coal for domestic use (Lecture 2/11/02). With all of coal found in Pennsylvania, there has to be ways to extract it from the hard state in which it resides. The two ways we learned about in class were strip mining and underground mining (2/13/02). Strip mining is the coal mining procedure that I found most interesting. Strip mining, for example, has the highest productivity out of all th e ways to mine coal it extracts thirty to forty heaps of coal per worker per day (2/13/02). Also,...

Running Head: Airline Industry

Globalisation of world economies is forcing countries and companies alike to improve their competitiveness in the global market. This cosmos the case, the American airlines industry is set for a shake-up given that thee sector is heavily shielded from external competition by the American government (Marketplace, 2008).This is because the incessantly increase demand for national and international travel is creating bigger markets for airlines that can efficiently meet travellers needs, something that American companies become disadvantaged. In order to position themselves offend in the global market, global airlines have been merging in order to take advantage of economies of scale and increase connectivity among their r come ines (Haran, 2008).The biggest merger so far has been amidst the Holland based KLM and the Paris based Air France. With regard to American airline companies, the government has protected the industry for too long such that they are loosing out on the good for tunes that have befallen the industry. As a contribution to the debate of current trend in the Unites States airline industry, this paper shall concentrate on the late(a) merger indications between several US based airlines that were sparked by Delta and Northwest Airlines.The first section shall deal with the current situation in the industry, the second with the increasing need to open the industry to internal and global competition, and the third section, with reasons behind the current merger trend between within US Aniline companies. The sections shall be followed by a conclusion listing all the microeconomic issues discussed in the paper.Current State of the IndustryThe US airline industry has for long been an oligopolistic market dominated by several airlines. However, the increasing entry of budget airline in the industry has given the bigger players a run for their money, supposeing that oligopolistic traits are increasingly organism replaced by the competitive characteris tics.The bigger and old players in the market face the headache of dealing with ageing aircraft that need constant repair (George, 2008). This means that hail of production has been increasing with rime, as the planes get older. Secondly, these big players find themselves being captive of labor unions representing employees, some of whom have operated with the airlines for decades. These kinds of increases in the cost of their operating mean that consumers of their services would pay more for travel.Contrary, budget airlines find themselves with newer aircraft that do not require constant repairs, reason being that they are relatively new in the market. In this regard, the budget airlines are able to operate at lower costs and therefore charge competitive fares for their services, much to the detriment of bigger and healthy established players.Budget airlines are less affected by union demands. In addition, the older airlines have for many years invested in other facilities whose maintainable increases the cost of operating their businesses, which further means that budget airlines would continue to out-compete their well established rivals.

Criticism Against the Modern Medicalization

To twenty-four hourslight the world in which we live in has faced tranquillise medical checkupization of daily existence. Critics argue whether this leads to a favorable or a non favorable outcome. The establishment and development in medicinal drug has become a major holy terror to health. Dependence on efficient health c be affects all social relations. In rich countries medical colonization has reached sickening proportions whereas poor countries argon quick following suit.Medicalization, that is the process by which human educates and problems come to be defined and treated as medical conditions and problems, and thus come under the authority of medicos and early(a) health professionals to study, diagnose, prevent or treat. (wikipedia. org). In the modern world people feel dependant towards medical treatment no matter how minor it is. Whether the desexualise is effective or non, it is an illusion what seems to be there in peoples hearts that they actually ar beingn ess cured.Useless medical treatments, doctor-inflicted injuries, leave the patients helpless and as they be already defenceless and still consider themselves to be dependent on doctors. Modern Health care system has grown beyond limits in an unfavorable way. This can be said to happen due to 3 reasons. It must produce clinical damages which outweigh its potential benefits it cannot but disastrous the political conditions which execute the society unhealthy and it tends to assume the power of the individual to heal himself and to shape his or her environment.When it comes to producing medicine, Industrial progress is more being indue into concern rather than personal growth. Such medicine is but a device to convince those who are sick and tired of society that it is they who are ill, unentitled and in need of technical repair. Most people are already doubtful about medicine and only need evidence to affirm their uncertainty. Doctors already find it necessary to boost their credi bility by demanding that many an(prenominal) treatments now common be officially prohibited.Medical performances which are considered as necessary are often so basic that restrictions are put on to them and are not acceptable to many politicians. Medications are costly and contain a richly risk, which sometimes makes them not worth to be used. The world that we live in has go through dramatic changes in the diseases afflicting population. Facts have proved that now a days early deaths are caused due to different diseases rather than accidents, violence, or suicide.During the past century deaths have been mainly due to different diseases for example malaria, typhoid, tuberculosis, measles, whooping cough, diphtheria, ruby fever and many more. But the death rate has been fairly decreased due to the introduction of antibiotics and widespread immunization. Improved housing and let on nutrition are also one of the factors that have caused the death rate to fall and save up people a way from various deadly diseases. Past century has also experienced major malnutrition syndromes, much(prenominal) as rickets and pellagra.But these have been soon replaced by modern epidemics such as coronary heart disease, emphysema, bronchitis and obesity, hypertension, cancer, arthritis, diabetes, and the so called psychic disorders. In a way, the elimination of old forms of mortality has increase heart expectancy which now suffers from the new diseases. The trend experienced of the diseases afflicting the population shows that the environment is the principal(a) determinant of the state of general health of the society.The food we eat, the houses we live in, the working conditions, neighbourhood coherence, as well as the cultural mechanisms, which make it possible to keep us stable, and play a major role in deciding how healthy we feel and at what age we tend to die. The life expectancy is no doubt increased due to more healthy way of living, but more and more diseases that are affecting people is not due to the spell of doctors available, or the medical treatment. The new techniques available to recognize and treat unhealthy conditions by surgical interventions redefine but do not reduce despair.It is not surprising to see that where certain diseases have become rare, the number of doctors exceeds the need of people as compared to the places where those diseases are more to be found. Doctors tend to work in places where the climate is healthy, where the water is clean, and where people work and can pay for their services. Useless medical treatments also take place in cases where they are not needfully needed. During the last century there have been many, but limited number of medical procedures that have indeed become effective and beneficial for the people.Those medical treatments which are designed for widespread diseases are comparatively cheaper than the ones used for unique or diseases that do not exist on a high scale. The cheap medical treatm ents are only in the case where they are monopolized for personal use, and they require a minimum of personal skills, materials or hotel services from hospitals. Many dangerous diseases such as malaria, paralytic poliomyelitis, whooping cough, and measles, medicines to cure these diseases have shown considerable progress. But for most other infections, medicine can show no comparable results.For many diseases medicine has a short term effect but for the long term, it tends to be unsuitable or ineffective. Heart diseases, different types of cancers are highly curable, but there are some stages of these diseases at which the diseases gets hard or unrealistic to be cured. Breast cancer for example is curable but in some cases it is impossible to be cured no matter how frequently medical checkups are being performed. Surgery and chemotherapy for rare congenital and rheumatic heart disease has increased the chances for an active life for some of those who suffer from these conditions.Th e drug treatment of high blood pressure is effective for the few in whom it is a diseased condition and can do a serious harm to those in whom it is not. But no matters how careful we are or how frequent checkups are being down, doctor inflicted injuries are also getting very common. People suffer from illness that is caused by professional medical treatments. This doctor-made disease is also known as Iatrogenesis. Medicines are widely used for the smallest of diseases. But their unwanted side effects have increased with their effectiveness and widespread use.Several people now a days swallow medically prescribed chemical. Some take a wrong drug, others get a contaminated or old batch, others take some(prenominal) drugs which are dangerous or take them in dangerous combinations, and others receive injections with improperly sterilized syringes or brittle needles. Many drugs are also habit-forming or mutilating, or also mutagenic. Other drugs contribute to the breeding of drug-resis tant strains of bacteria. Unnecessary surgeries are normally performed these days.Diseases that are not to happen, a person gets effected because of oer medical treatment. The side effects of medications are more than the benefits gained from them. Malpractice, which is known as carelessness is neglected and is not given much of an importance even though it is something to be put into concern. While performing medical surgeries on which lives are dependant, sometimes malpractice even causes a loss in human life. Doctors are being transformed into technicians applying scientific rules to classes of patients.What had formally been considered an abuse of confidence and a moral fault can now be rationalized into the occasional breakdown of the equipment and operators. Malpractice is considered a technical problem not an ethical problem anymore. Undesirable side effects or mistaken or unintentional use of medication has left many patients as helpless and defenceless. Damages are done to the patients due to the doctors carelessness or exploitation and also in the case when the doctor attempts to protect himself against the patients eventual(prenominal) legal action of malpractice.Many people who are inflicted with specific diseases are not allowed to work leaving them helpless and are unable to live their life to the most and earn themselves a good living. Many people start living their lives in a way they think is health wise better and beneficial for them, but at a later stage it turns out to be as harmful and makes them fall into illness. Modern medicalization has faced critics and in a way they prove to be right and unethical for the society. Medical nemesis can only be reversed through mutual self care, if not than the world will be bound to suffer from this dilemma that prevails.

Mary Shelley’s Essay

Here we see how winners changed. He used to be able to strive for his ambitious dreams and what he aimed to achieve and look forward to his unrealistic dreams in his sleep that in reality would never happen. Now, he has to rely on his dreams at night to support any sort of self-satisfaction. In chapter quintette there are themes that are again evident throughout the sweet. As I mentioned previously, we see in chapter quintuplet that winner creates the giant to obtain glory. This glory disappears as Victor realises what hes done. Here we see the danger of what a thirst for ambition sewer lead to.Similarly, in Waltons first letter we see that Walton too will risk every thing for glory-he says, I preferred glory to every enticement that wealthiness placed in my path. He the goes on to say that hes prepared to risk everything for success. Walton later had to turn back his ship, because he knew where to give and didnt want to coif other peoples lives in danger. Victor, however, didnt know where to stop, and his original ambition direct to the deaths of many people. The theme of responsibility is seen in chapter five and later throughout the novel.We see Victors complete lack of responsibility for the first time in chapter five. Victor abandons the Monster, and says that he did not feign for granted return to the apartment which I inhabited-hes running away. When Clerval arrives, Victor tells him that hes better now that hes, length free. Hes trying to forget about it, and therefore pott face up to it, move on or even begin to teach responsibility. We see this again in chapter eight. Here, Victor dialog about his feelings of guilt when Justine is sent to prison, still does nothing about it.In chapter twenty Victor begins to subject responsibility when he describes the Monsters creation as selfish. After Elizabeths death, however, Victor continues to blame anyone for himself for her death, and negotiation about how the events had been a establish o f horrors. What he doesnt seem to realise that hes brought all of these horrors on himself-after all, it was him who made the Monster. I think that this theme running through the novel is bloody shame Shelleys way of saying that until you accept your mistakes and take responsibility for them, you cant move on.Therefore, not taking responsibility can pose disastrous consequences, which is seen in this novel. Mary Shelley also shows us the importance of friends and family in chapter five. When the Monster first comes to life, Victor is obviously quite unstable and depressed. When heat content Clerval arrives, Victor says that, Nothing could equal my delight on seeing Clerval. He then goes on to say that Clerval brought back thoughts of his home and family, and that he now felt, calm and self-possessed joy. As Victor recovers, he says that his father, knew that I could not get under ones skin a more kind and attentive nurse than himself regarding Clerval.I think that this shows tha t it was Henry who helped Victor recover, and without him Victor would probably have remained ill and mentally unstable. This was Mary Shelleys way of showing what the effect of a good friend can be. We also see the themes of family and friendship throughout the novel. In chapter one, Victor talks about how his first recollections were his fathers smile and benevolent sport. In chapter two, Victor talks about friendship with Henry Clerval, and goes on to say that, No human being could have passed a happier childhood that himself.His friends and family were the reason for this. Victors friends and family were always there for him when he needed it most when Victor is held in Ireland, his father travels to see him. Victor says that, Nothing could have given me greater pleasure than his arrival. However, when the Monster needed Victor the most, Victor abandoned him completely. This has devastating effects. When the Monster sees the De Laceys smiling with, such kindness and affection a t each other, hes unable to cope. He withdraws to the window, unable to bear these emotions.The Monster goes on to commit atrocious crimes as a result of this abandonment. I think that this is Mary Shelleys way of saying how important friends and family really are. In chapter fifteen, De Lacey says that, to be friendless is indeed to be unfortunate. I think that Mary Shelley is trying to put this across throughout the novel. Without friends and family, a person wont be able to get through the hard times in their life with sanity. This is what happened when the Monster took away Victors family and friends. Victor had nothing left.Finally, the theme of intimacy is evident in chapter five and then throughout Frankenstein. In chapter five, Henry Clerval talks about his fathers view on knowledge. Henry viewed knowledge as good, just he talks about how his father had a disapproval of learning. Henry goes on to say that his father believed learning stopped at bookkeeping, and therefore university and excessive knowledge was unnecessary. Henry and Victor, however, view knowledge as a good thing. Henry describes the quest for knowledge as a, voyage of discovery and Victor often talks about his thirst for knowledge.Victor also talks often about his desire to learn the, physical secrets of the world and, the secrets of heaven. Similarly, the Monster also has a desire to learn. When talking in chapter twelve, he says that he, ardently desired to become acquainted with the ways that people communicated with each other-especially when it came to talking. This shows how similar he was to Victor himself. I think that Mary Shelley had similar views on knowledge to Henry Clervals father, and that she tries to get them across to readers in chapter five and then throughout the easing of the novel.After all, it was ultimately Frankensteins thirst for knowledge that led to him creating the Monster, and as a result of his lack of responsibility that the Monster killed so many pe ople. Therefore, I think Mary Shelley is trying to say that knowing everything is anything but good and that we need to be aware of that. I think that there were many hidden meanings in the novel Frankenstein, and that many of these seem to be unornamented in chapter five. Frankenstein was very innovative for its time its viewed by many as the first piece of science fiction.It shocked people when it was published because at the time very few people spoke out about society in the way that Mary Shelley did. There were many scientific advances at the time the novel was written. People had begun to realise the potential of electricity. In 1802, scientist Galvani ran a current through a frogs leg and made it move, and in 1803 scientist Aldani attached a battery to a corpse and claimed that it had moved. This caused some scientists to believe that eventually, with the power of electricity, man could be able to live forever. I think that Mary Shelley is trying to get this point across inF rankenstein.She was trying to say that humans should not attempt to play God-who is, after all, the entirely thing that has the right to give or take life. I think that she is trying to say that as soon as man begins to give or take life, there could be disastrous consequences and it therefore should not be experimented with. Mary Shelley is also considered one of the first feminists. By putting across the point that only God can create life, she may also be trying to say that only women can give life. Men dont have that ability, and should not try to change that.Whilst she was writing Frankenstein, Mary Shelley was reading a book called Emile by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. He argued that when they were born, all men are harmless but it is in fact society that makes them evil. It was as a result of Victors initial rejection of the Monster in chapter five and other peoples rejection of him throughout the rest of the novel that the Monster turned evil-and that was all because of his appea rance. I think that Mary Shelley was trying to say how wrong this was. Victor himself was extremely prejudiced towards the Monster in his narrative.Right from after his creation, Victor referred to the Monster as the Monster and daemon as opposed to even just giving it a name. He rejected it because of the way it looked, and the rest of society went on to do the same. It was this prejudice that began in chapter five that Mary Shelley was trying to say was wrong throughout the rest of the novel.

Internationanl Business Essay

The organization that I nourish chosen is Sony connection. Sony quite a little is one of the most successful multinational senss in the world it is alike one of the best-known names in consumer electronics attention. Since it was formal shortly after World War 2, Sony has introduced a stream of revolutionary fruits, including the transistor radio, the Trinitron television, the Betamax VCR, and the Walkman portable cassette pseud (FundingUniverse, 2000). Over the years Sony has successfully developed into one of the biggest player in the consumer electronics industry, producing a wide range of products including Audio system, Video cameras, Television, gaming system, Semiconductors and also electronic Components. Valued at $17.12 Billion in the marketplace (Forbes, 2011), Sony Corporation is a great example of successful Multinational Corporation that has free-enterprise(a) advantage in the globose market place.Daniel Spulbers Star Analysis is an analytical framework that helps strategy makers in gathering and processing data about planetary market (D.F.Spulbur, 2007). By identifying the culture, feature and coordinate of the business concern environment in different country, Spulbers Star Analysis can assist the manager in developing a global strategy that provide their organization with the competitive advantage to succeed in the world-wide market. Star Analysis is based around quintette major components, which is the features of the companys fireside country, supplier countries, nodes countries, colleague countries and competitor countries. In this event, Star analysis will be used to evaluate the competitive strategy of Sony Corporation and how Sony Corporation rectifyd their global competitiveness.Home CountryA companys home country appertains to the country where the business has its headquarter (D.F.Spulber, 2007). In this case, the home country for Sony Corporation is Japan. D.F.Spulber (2007) stated the features of home countr y argon often a good guide to the companys business practices, corporate culture, and core competencies. D.F.Spulber (2007) also stated that a company can benefit from home-country strengths by using the home country as a innovation pad for international expansion, and this is the case for Sony Corporation. Benefiting from the culture and features of Japan, Sony Corporation has developed a besotted foundation for their international expansion. This can be justified using the hall porters diamond theory. M. Porter states that basic factors of endowment, much(prenominal) as natural resources, climate, location and demographics, can provide an initial advantage that is subsequently reinforced and ex ladder by investment in advanced factors, examples of advanced factors are communication infrastructure, sophisticated and skilled labor, research facilities and expert know-how.Conversely, disadvantages in basic factors can crap pressure to invest in advanced factors (Charles.W.L.H ills, 2010). That is the case in Japan, where they lack arable land and mineral deposit, and yet through investment from government and organizations has construct a substantial endowment of advanced factors. Japan governments subsidies and investment in education system, has created large pool of engineers, which is vital to Japans success in many manufacturing industries (Charles.W.L.Hills, 2010). This environment provides Sony Corporation with sufficient workforce and skilled labor. Japaneses constant investment on Research & maturement has developed the technological know-how of the country. This practice can also be seen in Sony Corporations strategy, which spent approximately 6.99% of their revenue, which is $5.5 billion on R&D annually and the percentage of employees bindd in R&D is 32.49% (TechnologyReview, 2012).This gives Sony Corporation the competitive advantage in the global technological market. some other attribute in Porters Diamond is demand condition In this ca se, the pressure from Japans sophisticated and knowledgeable buyers of cameras has helped stimulate the Japanese camera industry, including Sony Corporation, to emend product quality and to introduce innovative models (Charles.W.L.Hills, 2010). This constant demand for innovative and advanced quality product has forced Sony Corporation to invest in R&D and hence, improved the performance of the company and therefore, gained competitive advantage in the global market. The next attribute is the presence of suppliers or related industries that are internationally competitive. In this case, most of the suppliers of Sony Corporation, for example, Dai Nippon Printing Co, Ltd are one of the top smart card vendors in Asia (Sony.Net, 2011).Successful electronic IT manufacturers including Hitachi Ltd., Fujitsu Ltd. and NEC Corp has contributed to the semiconductor industry in Japan, which provided the basis for Sony Corporations success in cameras and other technically advanced electronic p roducts (DailyYomiuriOnline, 2012) The last attribute of Portals Diamond is the strategy, structure and rivalry of tightens within a nation (Charles.W.L.Hills, 2010). ). In this case, there are many successful Multinational Corporation in Japans technological manufacturing field, such as Toyota, has come out with management philosophies like Total Quality Management, Just-in Time Philosophy and so on ( James et al, 2009). By practicing the similar Sony Corporation has benefited from these practices and be more follow effective(Richard A.Gershon, 2007). Major domestic competitors such as Panasonic Corporation also induce Sony Corporation to look for ways to improve efficiency and hold more innovative products. All these factors have improved Sony Corporations overall global competitiveness.Supplier CountrySupplier countries refer to those countries in which the international business transacts with its input suppliers and countries in which the international business manufactures its products (Daniel.F.Spulber, 2007). In this case, Sony Corporation previously had more than 2,500 suppliers around the globe however after incurring heavy lost in year 2009, Sony Corporation has decided to cut down the number of suppliers (CRN, 2009). To carry out global competitiveness advantage, Sony Corporations strategy is to outsource, or externalize part of their value chain activities to different supplier countries, and internalize their core competence, which in this case is their innovative design and engineering of their product. Their current major suppliers are companies from china and USA, for example Shenzhen LVSUN Electronics Co., Ltd, which supplied laptop batteries and Nvidia Corporation, which supplied Laptops graphic cards (Sony.Net, 2010). China are well-known for their low lock labor force so the cost of production for Sony will be much cut back compare to their global competitors.USA is a technology-advanced country and by buying new technologies from firms in USA, Sony Corporations products are much more advance and better in quality, which in turn ontogenesisd their global competitiveness. The company is vertically integrated in their suppliers countries. Sony Corporation established production facilities such as manufacturing plants in Japan, China, USA, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand (Sony Supply chain Solution. Inc, 2011). Country like USA and Singapore has low trade-barriers and their government policies encouraged Foreign Direct investment, which smoothen Sonys plan to establish manufacturing plant in their land. Conversely, China and Malaysia has higher trade barriers and strict government policies that talent increase the risk of recovering the cost of investment.This strategy has both positive and negative effectuate on Sony Corporation. By establishing their own manufacturing plants in suppliers countries, Sony are able to protect their proprietary product technology from their competitors, this view is supported by Charles.W.L.Hills (pg 558, 2010). Besides that, mass of Sonys manufacturing plant are located in technologically advanced countries such as Japan and USA. Therefore with the advanced infrastructure and skilled labor, Sonys production are more cost-savings and efficient. However, on the other hand, managing and operating(a) plants and firms in different countries has change magnitude Sonys organization scope, which in turn will increase the organizational complexity and hence raise the firms cost structure, this cost is known as cost of hierarchical governance.This view is support by Charles W.L.Hills (pg 559, 2010). In fact, the high cost of governance in different country has been such a burden to Sony that the top management has decided to shutter many of the factories and manufacturing plants, in order to reduce overall cost (CRN, 2009). Furthermore, to overcome this issue, Sony has decided to outsource part of their production to companies in China and USA. Examples are F oxconn Technology conclave for the manufacturing of Sony LCD TV and Blackboard Inc for the manufacturing of Sonys FeliCa Card readers (Sony.Net, 2011). By outsourcing part of the manufacturing,, Sony was able to take advantage of less costly workforce in China and more efficient production facilities in USA. As a result, Sony has been able to avoid bureaucratic inefficiencies and reduce their cost of summons that arise from vertically integrate, and the resulting increased in global competitiveness. This view is supported by Charles.W.L.Hills (pg 559, 2010).Customer CountriesIn this case, Sony Corporations major customers, or target market are the home country itself, Japan, USA and Europe countries. The Japan market is accounted for 24.2% of Sony Corporations revenue while USA market is accounted for 23.6%, Europe market for 25.7% and others minor customercountries for 26.5% (Sony.Net,2010). Evaluating the Entry mode of Sony Corporation, the company has initially chosen wholly ow ned subsidiaries as their strategy to enter the U.S market. More specifically, Sony Corporation practices Greenfield ventures, by establishing manufacturing plants and retails stores in U.S. Sony Corporation first move was the establishment of a small television assembly plant in San Diego, California back in 1972. Sony then expanded and diversify its U.S operation by adding more production facilities in different region of U.S (Sony.com, 2011). In 1960, Sony Corporation of America (SONAM) was established in the United States to manage operation in U.S (Sony.com, 2011).Sony Corporations initial entry to U.S. market was facilitated by the unfavorable exchange rate between yen and dollars at that particular current of time, and also the U.S government policies that encouraged immaterial investment (SonyNet-history, 2011).Similar scenario happened in Europe, where Sony Corporation initially enter the Europe market by Greenfield ventures, establishing operating firms such as Sony (U.K .) Ltd in United Kingdom, Sony G.m.b.H.in Germany and so on. This strategy proved to be beneficial because this entry mode allowed Sony to protect their technological competence and gives Sony the ability to engage in global strategic coordination. However, the drawback is that this method of entry can be very costly. This view is supported by Charles.W.L.Hills (pg 482, 2010) After establishing firms and production facilities in foreign market, Sony Corporation boost strengthen their position by enunciate ventures with Tektronic Inc from U.S and Ericsson in Sweden, which later on has been wholly acquired by Sony (Sony.com, 2011). Besides that, Sony Corporation has also established strong distribution engagement, by having retail stores and distributors throughout the U.S and Europe region.Through the establishment of operating firms in foreign market and joint ventures with local companies, Sony Corporation has managed to get closer and understand the demand and preference of con sumers in the U.S and Europe market. Consumers in the USA and EU are generally technologically savvy and have always been demanding innovative technological products The income per capita for US is 47199 US dollars and research shows that the highest technology expenditure for households in US is at around $94 per month ( Huffingpost.com, 2011). They are for certain willing to spend more on technologically products (Accenture, 2010). By understanding these preferences and demand of consumers in USA and Europe, Sony Corporation is able to design and produce innovative products that satisfied consumers, hence achieving the global competitive advantage.Partner CountriesAccording to Daniel.F.Spulber (2007), the features of partner countries are highly useful in determining the potential persona that the business and its partner will bring to the joint activities. One of Sony Corporations most beneficial and strategic alliances is their partnership with Koreas Samsung. Sony and Samsung shared antonymous technology that would benefit each other. Sony was able to utilize Samsungs knowledge and technology to make LCD, which is critical for the large flat panel TVs that were in high demand. Samsungs skills were complementary to Sonys since they were tuned to computer displays while Sony brought TV display knowledge (Daniel F.Spulber, 2007). According to Charles W.L.Hill (2010), one of the benefits of strategic alliance is the share of cost and risk. This is certainly the case for the Sony-Samsung joint venture. The Sony-Samsung Joint venture set up a manufacturing facility in Tangjung, South Korea (Daniel F.Spulber, 2007).The joint venture helped Sony and Samsung save significant cost in R&D and manufacturing and helped the companies gain substantial economies of scale in manufacturing (Daniel F.Spulber, 2007). By sharing ideas between both companies, product innovation is enhanced, allowing Sony to boost its global sales of flat-panel TVs (Daniel F.Spulber, 2007). In order to keep up with advances in digital technologies that was driving innovations in the global market, Sony and Samsung agreed to share patents for a variety of technologies-13,000 patents from Sony and 11,000 patents from Samsung (Daniel F.Spulber, 2007). Another successful alliance for Sony Corporation is the research joint venture between IBM and Toshiba. This particular joint venture had developed the Cell chip that powered the Sony PlayStation 3 (SonyNet, 2011).The companies split the high development costs and employed engineers around the world. Besides that, Sony Corporations joint venture with Ericsson from Sweden allowed Sony to enter the mobile communication industry in Europe, which later expanded to Asia with the name of Sony Ericsson. Sonys successful alliance with global companies like Samsung, IBM and Ericsson has allowed Sony to produce and design innovative products with high quality. Besides that, joint venture with Ericsson allowed Sony to understand Europe s market condition better which smoothen their entry to Europe market and all these have helped Sony to achieve global competitive advantage.Competitor CountriesOne of Sony Corporations major competitors is LG Electronics. LG Electronics is a Korean-based company that sells electronic products such as televisions, mobile phone, Air conditioners, Home appliances and a lot more. The features of LG Electronicss Home Country, South Korea, has played an important role in the companys business culture and global strategy. South Koreas government has set their goal to open new opportunities for the electronics industry and this has given LG Electronics an extra boost for expanding their market internationally (Frost-Sullivan, 2007), which is a treat to Sony Corporation in the global market. However, Koreans culture of high uncertainty avoidance might be the reason they are less innovative, since LG Electronic employed their staffs from Korea, their products might not be as innovative as Ja panese companies like Sony. As for LG Electronics supplier countries, their major suppliers are Hong Kong HuiChun Co.Ltd and Veise Electronic Co.Ltd from China mainland.Utilizing the labor of lower wages in China, the cost of production for LG electronics might be lower than other companies in the industry, which is a treat to Sony as well (GlobalSources, 2012). As for LG Electronics partner countries, LG Electronics has established strong alliance with multinational companies like Intel, Microsoft and Mozilla has given them the technological advantage to compete in the global market. These alliances have helped LG Electronics to overcome their lack of technological innovation in their home country. In order to compete with LG Electronics in the global market, Sony Corporation has initially practices the international strategy. According to Charles W.L.Hill, an enterprise pursuing an international strategy is confronted with low cost pressures and low pressures for local responsiven ess. These type of enterprise tend to centralize product development at home but tend to establish manufacturing and marketing function in each major country or geographic region in which they do business (Charles W.L.Hill, 2010).This is initially the case for Sony Corporation, who started their entry to foreign market in such pattern. By centralizing R&D in Japan, Sony entered foreign market by establishing manufacturing plant and operating firms in USA, Europe and other Asia countries. However, as the cost pressure and pressure for local responsiveness increases, Sony Corporation has change to transnational strategy. According to Charles W.L.Hill (2010), a firm that pursue a transnational strategy is trying to simultaneously achieve low costs through location economies, economies of scale, and learning effects differentiate their product offering across geographic markets to account for local differences and foster a multidirectional flow of skills between different subsidiaries i n the firms global network of operations.By partnering with strong suppliers in China and USA, economics of scale can be achieved. Besides that, multidirectional flow of technological skills and knowledge from different subsidiaries, such as Sony Ericsson in Sweden, and the Samsung-Sony joint venture in South Korea and so on is also happening constantly. However, such strategy is so difficult to implement that Sony Corporation has faced some negative impact, having too high cost due to differentiation of product in different market.ConclusionAs a conclusion, by applying the Spulbers Star Analysis, Sony Corporation was able to achieve global competitive advantage in the global market. By using their strong foundation in Japan, where they receive not only support from government but also the culture, knowledge and infrastructure, Sony successfully expanded their business worldwide. Economics of scale has been achieved with the help of strong suppliers from mainland China and USA. Sony was able to enter their customers countries easily with joint ventures with local firms and Greenfield ventures. Using the information gathered they managed to understand the demand and consumer preferences of each market.Sony further strengthens their positions in the global market with help from their strong alliances such as IBM, Ericsson, and Samsung and so on. Evaluating the function of Star Analysis, such analysis is fairly useful for international managers to plan their strategy. By studying the features of the home, suppliers, customers, partners and competitors countries, the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of a organization can be found and this information can be use to help the organization achieve global competitive advantage. For example, the SWOT of Sony has been identified after applying the Star Analysis. Therefore, international managers should practice Star Analysis before implementing their global strategy.ReferenceCharles W.L.Hill (2010). Intern ational Business, Competing in the global marketplace. 8th ed. New York McGraw-Hill. pg181-183, pg255, pg405-407, pg487-489, pg556-560.Spulber, F.Daniel (2007). Global Competitive Strategy. London Cambridge University Press. pg 134-150.Michele Masterson. (2009). Sony Says Sayonara to 1250 Suppliers. News, Analysis, and Perspective for Vars and Technology integrators. 13 (2), pg23-24Bob Ferrari. (2011). Sonys Supply Chain be in Turmoil. Supply Chain Strategy. 12 (5), pg 5-6. Anon.(2011).Partner&Supplier.Availablehttp//www.sony.net/Products/felica/business/partners/index.html. choke accessed 29th Feb 2012.Anon. (2010). Sony said to be outsourcing production of high-end LCDs, Foxconn and Wistron getting the nod. Available http//www.engadget.com/2010/10/18/sony-said-to-be-outsourcing-production-of-high-end-lcds-foxconn/. Last accessed 29th Feb 2012Anon. (2011). Sony Supply Chain Solution. Available http//www.sonyscs.co.jp/english/index.html. Last accessed 29th Feb 2012Anon.(2011).Sony CorporateHistory.Availablehttp//www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/History/history.html. Last accessed 29th Feb 2012. Anon. (2011). LG Suppliers. Available http//www.globalsources.com/manufacturers/LG.html. Last accessed 28th Feb 2012. Anon. (2007). Government Policies Set to Position South Korea Among the Worlds Top Industrial Nations . Available http//www.frost.com/prod/servlet/press-release.pag?Src=RSS&docid=103675273top. Last accessed 28th Feb 2012.

Expansion In The Supermarket Commerce Essay

As we know that enlargement in the super securities industry and now it is besides diversified in the Fieldss like communicating, damages, fiscal services. present we atomic number 18 we ar prattle the vision of the Tesco and the ways Tesco comes up with the fetching rival in the commercialise place for the remainder of companies. Here we ordain be discoursing the various(a) stairss and dodges, policies, theoretical accounts used by the caller-up in order to annex its public presentation in the market.IntroductionHere we are we are sing the vision of the Tesco and the ways Tesco comes up with the taking rival in the market for the remainder of companies. Here we leave alone be discoursing the assorted stairss and schemes, policies, theoretical accounts used by the gild in order to increase its public presentation in the market.In the supermarket and now it is besides diversified in the Fieldss like communicating, insurance, fiscal services. public lecture nearly Tes co it is presently the UK s most successful supermarket with a UK market role in surplus of 30 % and one and only(a)-year net incomes of around ?2bn. It is the public s 4th largest retail merchant. Although after the debut in the US markets Tesco was the one of the most sensible retail merchants for the clients but it agree to confront the critics of whatever of the analyst who was analyzing the consequence of debut of Tesco into the retail market of US. It was verbalise by some of the analyst that if Tesco effort to come in in the Ameri flock market it has been a failure that the caller-up should retreat. unmatched of the known analysts public figured Piper Jaffray has estimated the hail for the company which will be the set uping cost if the Tesco will retreat from the US markets which would be near ab give away(predicate) one billion lbs. The company s environmental claims pick up come under analysis, along with its belongings scheme, its non-unionisation policy in a comparatively strongly nonionized sector of concern and its refusal to subscribe a community benefits understanding. Community benefits understandings are used by shops in the regular army to derive client trueness. Tesco, in bend, has countered these unfavorable judgments.Jack Cohen s concern slogan was pile it high and sell it inexpensive , although this was rapidly replaced with the stating You Ca nt Do Business Siting On Your Buttocks . He was known to administer points bearing the acronym to his gross revenues force.Talking about the history of this company who has strong clasp In the UK markets was started in 1919. This was the started by Jack Cohen who started his concern calling by selling the food markets from the streets of London. Tesco is the name that was billed by the names of provider the individual who brought the payload of tea his name was T.E Stock best and the label was made by utilizing the initial of his name and by adding the name of the proprietor Jac k Cohen and they gave this house a name called Tesco that is a shop now sits in the places. When Tesco stepped in to twenty-first century it was the most effectual period for the company to turn and supply its faithfulness services to the clients as in 2001 they had started the online shopping for the food markets as after achieving much that one-fourth interest in the food market works and it was good feedback from the clients. In the period of 2002 they made the major alterations to the shops in UK as they need purchased more than 800 T & A S shop in one spell. They have besides put downn some of the biggest influence in the Polish market when they purchased more than ten biggest hypermarkets in Poland. The twelvemonth 2003 can be called the technological twelvemonth for this company as they have entered in to the telecommunication universe consisting nomadic and place phone services, to complement its bing Internet service supplier concern. In 2004 Tesco was the other compa ny to launch broadband services but unluckily the program for Tesco in Thailand for making and running the hypermarkets in the coaction with Charoen Pokphand Group was non unfeignedly successful as confronting the heavy unfavorable judgment in the market the Charoen Pokphand Group sold their interest. In the twelvemonth 2005 when there was the breakage of contract between Safeway and BP so Tesco bought some of the shop to increase its market In 2007 Tesco was placed under probe by the UK Office of Fair Trading ( OFT ) for moving as portion of a trust of cinque supermarkets ( Safeway, Tesco, Asda, Morrisons and Sainsbury ) and a figure of dairy companies to repair the financial entertain of milk, butter and cheese. They were reportedly paid i5 one million million ( US $ 10 million ) . In April 2009, Tesco announced that it had created a ace tomato that does nt leak . The tomato is grown in Holland and is meant to be a better tomato for sandwiches since, being less juicy, they will non do sandwiches every bit boggy as regular tomatoes do.2 Strategic closings for the companyBefore stating the strategic determination, plans or aims for the company foremost of all we have to understand what are the thing that can be covered under these determinations? In the simple words we can stir that it is the systematic and the analytic snipe which review the concern as a whole in relation to the environment and which can be said into two different footingsTo unwrap an integrated, co-ordinate and consistent position of the path the company wishes to followTo ease the version of the organisation to environmental alteration.They together describe the attain of the house s concern which specifies the sum of growing, the country of growing, the way of growing, the taking strengths, and the profitable marks. In add-on they are stated operationally in a signifier useable for steering direction determinations and actions. It is concerned with the preparation of the sc hemes within the model of company policies. It involves the procedure of strategic direction that will take by dint of assorted operational and undertaking programs for the accomplishment of the aims ( Michael Armstrong, 1990 ) .Now speaking about the company which is tesco the basic attack they use for the preparation and completion of the aim and ends is the IBM attack in this attack the company will demo the character of concern they are making and they will show the sense of concern the endeavor is in and the way in which they are traveling. For doing it simple for the client to understand what they want to accomplish is some clip shown by the aid of graph and pie charts or the beach wagon wheels. Before utilizing this attack they have to maintain in head some of the basic characteristics or demands for the theoretical account.Operational PlansUndertaking PlansRecourse PlansCorporate steeringStrategic ManagementAimsValuessPoliciesMissionFeedbackActionsBudgetsSo this is the c hief flow of program which should be followed while utilizing IBM attack. Now in the slip of tesco they have followed the same unionize but in the different format. So now we should look at the different strategic determination or programs for the tesco. There are three type of the schemes that the tesco following in order to accomplish their ends and aims as they are typed belowCost leading(a) One of the schemes that are used by Tesco for accomplishing their ends in a simple and promiscuous manner id the cost leading as we can place from the word cost that they are taking about the monetary pass judgment thing as they have the scheme to supply their client with the lower monetary values from any other company. The ability for cut downing the cost for client or to take down the monetary values they control their operating costs in such a manner that they are easy able to take down the monetary values as in compared to others which help them to bring forth the high net incomes a nd therefore assisting them in the of the essence(p) manner.Scheme of distinction Now this is the scheme that will distinguish the offer and the services that they have to offer to the clients and the featured clients. On the footing of this scheme they can fool their trade name vicinity for the clients that they have to offer in footings of publicities, engineering, heath merchandises, bakeshop, etc. Customer service is popular attacks to distinction.Focused market. In prosecuting a cost leading scheme Tesco focuses on the creative activity of internal efficiencies that will assist them defy external force per unit areas.As we have seen that how tesco take attention of their client by utilizing the assorted schemes for the clients and which gravels us to believe that tesco will be in the regular connexion with the operational governments and the other in the same sectors such as purchasers. While seeing to these schemes we can state that the schemes of cost leading and market di stinction are aimed at the wide market and by utilizing these schemes they can settle their merchandises to any markets ( thrower, 1980 ) . Or we can state in other words that they pursue a scheme of cost leading or distinction either in a specific market or with specific merchandises. The danger some administration face is that they try to counterbalance all three and go what is known as stuck in the center. In instance of Tesco it is non appropriate, as they do hold a clear concern scheme with a clearly defined market section.Swot AnalysisStrengthsRaising market part One of the strengths of the Tesco is the big size in the retail market which covers about the 13 per centum of the entire value. Just because of it versatility in every airfield it will be continuously turning in the UK market and part will besides be increased non in merely in nutrient sector but besides in non nutrient.Tesco s general growing and ROI show no mark of slaking One of the other strength of the Tesco is big investing in the West midlands departmental shops name called T and S Group which was considered the one of the monolithic measure taken by the company for the vicinity markets. In add-on in this twelvemonth Tesco became the UK s 2nd largest convenience concatenation as compared to the co-operative shops and they besides opened more than 5o new shops this twelvemonth. If we take a expression towards the international concern portion of Tesco so we can see that it is continuously turning and the anticipation made by the board of the company that it will lend about one one-fourth of its net income in following consecutive five old ages. Now it is so much grown that it entire gross comes to 23 per centum of the entire group net incomes. And in terminal if we talk about the regional or geographical strength that is abundant and will continues to turn.Insurance In the twelvemonth 2003 Tesco reached the new stat mi rock of finishing the one million clients under the insurance subd ivision by selling the motor insurance policies which made Tesco one of the fastest service supplier and marketer for the motor insurance. One of the characteristics that Tesco provides a simple characteristic to their club card holders that they can buy the vacations or travel insurance really easy at the sections. In the field of life insurance it gained award for most competitory life insurance supplier in the money facts awards 2003 and got the good response of the clients. It besides sells more than 330,000 pets insurance for the Canis familiariss and cats.Tesco online One of biggest and the most convenient characteristic that Tesco provides is the on-line shopping. Tesco web site is the universe s one of the biggest online shopping site. In this online shopping that about had a sale of over 550 million lbs which shows the addition in the company of more that 27 per centum in the last twelvemonth stats. We can run this site in more than 250 shops around the UK and have the clie nt count of over one million to whom they provide on-line service. This company is besides demoing the strong victimisation in its gross watercourse.UK market leading reinforced If we take into consideration the size and the competition of Tesco to their rivals in this graduated table Tesco is really huge and immense in the service supplying. As they got the figure one ranking the twelvemonth 1996 for the best markets every bit merely because they have the multi format programs to follow which make them successful to accomplish the ends easy. And in the study by the competition committee as they have said that it is really hard for any company in the retail markets to vie with Tesco as if we see UK their gross revenues are 71 per centum larger than any company. And if it will turn at this rate so it will convey down the Wal- marketplaces opportunities of being the largest marketer in UK.FailingsReliance upon the UK market As this the one of the best and the biggest company in the U K markets but it is really express mail in the most of the UK markets. Although it s turning internationally but their chief stairss are based in the UK market will is the most important impuissance of the company. As we know that they are lifting twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours but we have to see the competition in the market as it was in the studies that in the supermarket industry over the period of one twelvemonth Morrison group will purchase the Safeway group will be the affecting for the market sharing for the company.Debt devolve One of the other failing for the Tesco Idaho of high pitching ratio for the company as their Debs Ate increasing at really high rate and they are n ready to cut down that as because they had used all the money in the immense investing for the increasing the assets for the company and in the run into with the pull offing manager he said that there is small program to return the debts as batch of money is being used in the other sectors.Signs point to consecutive acquisitions One the company assets and the operation we have seen that this company is tremendously large in every province but to make fulling up the spread they have to sued the certain methods or programs that can assist them to accomplish the things easy. Thays why they have used the fill the spread scheme and has been the instance with the UK convenience market, there is the danger of Tesco going a consecutive acquirer, as this tends to cut down net incomes visibleness and quality.OpportunitiesHealth and beauty Opportunities are the things that are good for any company to turn as we have seen in the instance of Tesco that it have increased its market in the wellness and beauty merchandises from preferably a piece and became the taking retail merchant in the field of wellness and beauty. As the secondary things they have one of the best toilet articless and wellness care and they have progressively become the figure marketer of baby goods. They have inves ted in the wellness and beauty about 27 million tout ensemble in the market the money in the immense investing for the increasing the assets for the company and in the meeting with the pull offing manager he said that there is small program to return the debts as batch of money is being used in the other sectors.Further international growing Tesco has make a strategic association with US supermarket, Safeway Inc, to take the tesco.com place shopping theoretical account to the US. Telecommunications are the latest phase in its scheme to develop popular retail services. It has repeated its attack in banking, by capitalising on its trade name. In 2004 the company plans to come in the Chinese market, as mainland China is one of the largest economic systems in the universe with enormous prognosis growing and will show many chances for Tesco.MenacesUK structural alteration could trip a monetary value war Menaces are the more likely to be in the big concern as they have more things to wo rry approximately as per the little things can do large harm to them. As now the biggest menace to the concern is the monetary value for the clients and as in UK the clients are more aggressive for the monetary values merely because in the competition the companies are cut downing their monetary values and in the instance of Morrison they are change magnitude the monetary values by 6 per centum on every point as in comparison to Tesco. For these things they have to be committed to monetary value alterations in approaching hereafter.Overseas returns could fall In the instance of the UK it is developed and they have nil in comparison able to the others but it will non be the good for the company to travel to the other state and put up the concern as they are certain factors that they have to see while puting up. They have to look at the economical, political, societal factors and rival s status. So that they are ready to take the effects if we take the illustration of China and Japan they are have wholly different conditions.Talking about the challenges faced by the company here we can take the illustration of Tesco s experience in the in-between land like in the state like China and the center of the Asia. As they all are saturated markets and all these are upper limit the developed states and they have the maximal competition and really less chance so the Tesco is believing about the most effectual and the simplest schemes so that they can remodel up at that place. Ut we have to see the assorted factors which have to be keep in head like the economic, political, societal and environmental issues.DecisionSo here in this paper after speaking about the one of the biggest group in the retail markets we merely came to decision that it is working really good from every facet as there are many Fieldss where we have seen that Tesco was new but utilizing their most simple and easy schemes they made them self a really immense and big industry and have reached to the success in one twelvemonth clip that is so impressive. The manner they trade name their merchandises and the manner they provide the client service to their client s is beyond the thought. It had fostered powerful individualities by doing their retailing construct into a virus and disbursement it out into the civilization via a assortment of channels cultural sponsorship, political contention, and consumer s experience and trade name extensions. So here we did the grind analysis of the company which give us the fact that there are many planetary and internal factors that rhenium associated with the companies public presentation. In last 30 old ages aspect of the market has altered from a merchandise and client way to strategic class. Here we are we are sing the vision of the Tesco and the ways Tesco comes up with the taking rival in the market for the remainder of companies. Here we will be discoursing the assorted stairss and schemes, policies, theoretical accounts used by the co mpany in order to increase its public presentation in the market.

Children and Play

D1, D2, D3 There are many different settings where children burn touch. Children from a very young age can go to a baby room and after the baby room, children can go to pre-school nursery and then they can go to school. In my assignment these are the three settings I will be talking about. In a baby room the age sick would be 9 months to 1 year old. The stage of play for this age range is solitary play. In solitary play children play on their own, on the whole independent from adults or other children.In a pre-school nursery the age range would be from 3 to 4 years old. There are 3 different stages of play this age range would be at. These are parallel, associative and co-operative play. Parallel play is when a child is playing along aside other child, but not playing with the other children. Associative play is when children share their materials and they talk to one and other. They all have different ideas of what they want to do and play.Co-operative play is when a child play s within a group and fully interacts with the other children. They also share their resources. In a school the age range is 5 to 11 years old. The stage of play the children are at is co-operative play, (see above for co-operative play). In a baby room the play that takes place is physical play. personal play may include crawling and walking. Some children may be picking up objects, e. g. rattles and sucking toys.

One-Student-One Sports Essay

The 1Student 1Sport was launched by Education Minister in the year of 2011 to in all the schools in Malaysia. It was stated in the circular dated 1 December 2010 from the Ministry of Education of Malaysia. The 1Student 1Sport policy makes it peremptory for students to inscribe wide awakely in at least one sports activity in the school. It was established to modify every student to have the access to the benefits of participating in sports, in particular for students who argon slight or not active. It is to encourage students to adopt a tidy and active lifestyle.Each student is needed to be actively involved by participating in the schools sports activity end-to-end the year. It is also to provide the opportunity to students with talent and potential to be developed further in their sports carrier. moreover for student with poor health condition can be exempted from this policy. Objective of 1Student 1Sport. The objective of 1student 1sport is to increase sensible fitness, to develop students characters, self-esteem discipline and moral values. Students will practice healthy lifestyle and also be able to perform excellence in their academic and sport.It is also to foster racial unity among the students. The more or less important task is to fulfil school childrens natural affinity for physical activities and provide balances among their academic and physical needs. For students with passion in sports, this is their opportunity for them to show their excellence and performance. The benefits. It is no doubt that this create mentally is useful for students. Nowadays children, they are less exercise even in school or home. They are keen to sit in front of television and playing computer games.Theyre also no interest of cycling, jogging or even gardening. Children those days are more active such as playing football or badminton, helping their parents in the garden and even often played wrap up and seek. Their everyday activities required them to move a nd their physical fitness is fit as a fiddle. Exercise is penny-pinching for everyone, no matter what age they are. Regular exercise for children can help them to maintain their weight and take the body systems healthy and strong. Good exercise habits are just as beneficial to children as to adults. accord to the report and research from the health ministry, 30 percent of children between the ages of 6 and 17 did their exercise daily, nevertheless are not as physically active as they should be. Good habits can opening at home, but it must continue throughout the childs life for continued good healthy lifestyle. Parents and teachers are the good role model to help these children exercise and make sure they are healthy. Children that participate in daily exercise are less to become overweight, they are maintain strong swot and muscles.They are also less likely to develop chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, elevated cholesterol, high blood pressure and cancer. The c hilds overall well-being, are the kids that are physically active routinely always higher self-esteem, less stress and they perform better in school. If the children play a team sport to fulfil their suggested exercise requirements, they may also have a head start on developing the interpersonal skills that theyll carry with them throughout the life.

Sustainable architecture for sustainable future

Sustainable Architecture for a Sustainable Future Our environment today suffers from many issues. The close important one from a constructors point of view would be the resources depletion problem. Fresh piddle resources are declining, the soil is loosing its fertility, and at that place is a crucial shortage in basic minerals such as zinc, copper, and phosphorus. These deficiencies would definitely lead to a slowdown in construction growth. According to Reran Named (2012) construction is the less sustainable cable in the field because it uses around 50% of all non- renewable resources (8).Therefore, in order to be able to keep exploitation in construction, architects and contractors must change their approach, which would mean that they get to adopt a more CEO-friendly vision in terms of architecture parking area construction. The term is now frequently used by newspapers, online articles, or even on TV, but what does it really mean? In Building Green in Pennsylvania, a comm ons building is described as one whose construction and lifetime of operation assure the healthiest thinkable environment while representing the most efficient and least disruptive use of land, water, energy and resources(l).An example of this fibre of buildings would be The Change Initiative (TIC) in Dublin, a flagship store where one can shop for viridity materials. The building is platinum certified by LED, a non-profit organization dedicated to promote jet buildings worldwide. TIC produces 40% of its own energy requirement, the water is reused, and almost all materials used inside are submitted for recycling. After having been undetermined to all of the positive impacts of sustainable architecture, one must surely consider green building as the definite future of construction.The first and briny reason for using a Green strategy in construction would be to rooter the environment. Buildings and the Environment A Statistical Summary shows that, in 2005, 38. 9% of the energy i n the US is consumed by constructions, with residential buildings consuming more than the half of this percentage. The study also concludes that the electricity employment of commercial and residential buildings in the states was 72% of its total electricity consumption in 2006. (2).This massive electricity consumption meaner more energy consumption, which leads to more emissions by fossil fuels which are known for causing sour rain, smog, and many other environmental issues. Green buildings address these countless problems by fashioning use of solar day and solar power that help come down electricity consumption. Another green building strategy is pelting recycling which help conserve potable water and add the amount of saved water. The construction business has its share in causing pollution, but climate change would be the last idea to find to ones mind as being a problem caused by construction.Brown, M. A. , & Southward, F. (2006) point out that greenhouse bluster (Sigh s) emission is one of the primary causes of climate change, and one of the least-cost approaches to reduce it is energy-efficient instruction (1). Buildings are responsible for 43% of the CA emission, and for an average of 8% of other Eggs (4). A sustainable building would address these emissions by integrating some of the latest technologies Green buildings use advanced techniques such as reflective detonating device products, low-E coating for windows, using materials from demolished buildings, and natural heating and air-conditioning, and Brown, M.A. , & Southward, F (2006) assert that these ecological strategies can reduce energy consumption and Sighs emissions by 30 to 40% (12). Another reason or benefit of building green is because sustainable constructions buzz off a positive influence on humans health. Pollution is one of the main causes of sicknesses and diseases, since sustainable architecture tends to avoid the use of polluting materials, it indirectly contributes in ma king the human health better. From a general approach, Sings, A. , Seal, M. , Grady, S. C. And Korma, S. (2010) present a survey in which they ask people about their health in the beginning and after moving to a green building. The preliminary studies based on the surveys conducted show that green buildings have eventually improved health and well-being (p. 6). In addition, Cats G. 2013) believes in The be and financial benefits of green buildings that up(a) the quality of the environment in which a person uses information positively affects his health by impenetrable stress and therefore leads to longer lives.Sustainable constructions take into account the occupants health and restrain their use of materials that can ill-use it in any way, while taking advantage of natural resources (6). Productivity is also a grammatical constituent influenced by green buildings. In Effects of green buildings on employee health and productivity, Sings, A. , Seal, M. , Grady, S. C. , and Korma , S. 2010) confirm The improvement in perceived productivity were fairly substantial and could result in an additional 38. 98 work hours per course for each occupant of a green building(6).Green thinking pushes architects to include more daylight in order to save electricity, and to use self-heating/cooling systems that would work on solar power. In his report The costs and financial benefits of green buildings, G. Cats (2013) explains Increases in tenant control everywhere ventilating system, temperature and lighting each provide calculated benefits from 0. 5% up to 34%, with average measured workforce productivity gains of 7. % with lighting control, 1. 8% with ventilation control, and 1. 2% with thermal control. Additionally, significant measured improvements have been found with increased daylight. (6) According to these statements assessed by professionals, it is wee that green buildings affect productivity rate in a positive way by making workers more comfortable and ther efore enhancing their creativity and inventiveness. G. Cats (2013) stresses in The costs and financial benefits of green buildings on the immenseness of the quality of benefits that workers receive in their workplace, which will eventually attract the best employees. Environmentally friendly externalise seems perfect to some, but others may consider its flaws. The most common concern about green buildings is the privation of information about how much it costs.Due to the use of many unknown techniques and strategies that are unheard of to build green, a misconception made its way through the minds of many that sustainable buildings cost much more than traditional ones. Cats G. (2003) states in Green building costs and financial benefits that the average cost of a green building is get than what people believe (8). Not only do green buildings cost less than expected, but they salary back for themselves ever the years. Cats G. (2013) discusses that the financial advantages of gre en buildings are more important than traditional ones.The financial benefits of green buildings come from water saving and re-using, less need for energy, therefore less costs. These savings are over than 10 times the additional cost of these buildings (8). In addition, the property value increases due to the fact that green buildings need less maintenance and economies energy. From an economic point of view, sustainable constructions positively affect sales rates A study accomplished by HEDGEHOGS MAHONEY GROUP has found that Skylights were found to be positively and importantly correlated to higher sales.All other things being equal, an average non-skylight store in the chain would likely have 40% higher sales with the addition of skylights, with a probable range between 31% and 49%. (as cited in Green building benefits (Para 12)) . Nature has always been the human races mentor since the earliest of ages. Michael Pawl, a advanced(a) environmental architect, made an important point in a lecture he gave at TED in 2010life could learn to make things ND do things the way nature does, we could achieve gene 10, factor 100, maybe even factor 1,000 savings in resource and energy use.The world has been live on for over 4 billion years. In order for the humanity to do the same, its up to the architects to take body process and encourage this project that can save whats left of our polluted orbiter. Its about time to stop violating our planet that has suffered enough of human greed which has caused many tragedies such as deforestation, green fields and pure water sources pollution, rise of sea levels, and many more. Its about time to tart thinking about the new generations, by building them sustainable constructions that would improve the inside and outside environment.Besides reducing gas emissions, conserving water, and reducing waste, building Green has its economic benefits Money wasted for producing energy and water would now be spared, not to mention the incr ease in the value of the building, the high productivity rates, and the sales improvement.

How did the ‘Strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde appeal to the collective consciousness of Victorian Society Essay

In the Victorian Era numerous plurality were indeed superstitious of different issues that were classified by class, for example, becoming drunk would not be considered as normal, or as proper, with people from the speed classes whereas with people from cut back or working class this would have been deemed a standard bodily process and most possible occurred on a daily basis.In Robert Louis- Stevensons novel of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde just almost e precise aspect to do with the fear of a typical upper class Victorian is explored by the life of the unfortunate Doctor.The face of Hyde is described as a criminal from every one(a)s view and one of the memorable first sightings of Hyde, met by a distant cousin of Mr. Utterson, namely Mr. Enfield, claimed he gave me one look, so ugly that it brought out the sweat on me like running. Its a human reaction on first sightings of aboutone never before seen to be very stereotypical, as was the case with many upper class Victorians. If s omeone from a lower class did not look ordinary than they would most likely be considered a criminal.As such, the reaction from the majority of accusers was as follows I had a loathing to my gentlemen at first sight. So had the childs family, which was only natural. If this was the case, than there was little the accused could do for himself, because the lower classes were never given the benefit of the doubt when there was an important or rich family involved. I dictum that Sawbones turn sick and white with the desire to kill him. Even the doctor had been so taken aback by the ferocity and ugliness of this so-c onlyed human, despite doctors professionalism not to be judgemental in times when their attention is needed. This only shows the type of opinions that Victorians held from a range of a backgrounds.This appealed to the Victorians in a sense that, by introducing the new police force, they had succeeded with trying to bring in a law lasting country and ridding it of these cr iminal faces.In the early Victorian years, Charles Darwin produced a theory that claimed we had not been created by immortal and had instead evolved from nature. He omitted to mention which animal we had evolved from, but many ideas were developed. One such idea was the antediluvian ancestor reflected the troglodytic actions performed by Mr. Hyde at certain occasions. On one of these occasions Hyde murders Sir Danvers Carew. In killing Carew, Hyde clubbed him to the state, corresponding to a caveman, along with ape-like fury, and eventually trampling his victim underfoot.This idea of Darwins had generate a new fear in the hearts of Victorian people, that they and others around them could, perhaps, at any time, lack control of themselves or something akin to the actions of Hyde.A brief point could be made about alcohol. In the tale there are many references to the upper class doctors and lawyers for example Mr. Utterson, who drank alone and only in small amounts for fear of the alcohol giving him cause to lose himself. He could not be seen to dishearten himself, by drinking too much and losing his social standing. This would have rendered him unacceptable to his fellow gentry. This is very similar to the life of Dr. Jekyll as drinking too much would have lead to the exposure of Hyde and his evil deeds.The federal agency in which Victorian London has been described could have intimidated many into behaviour which avoided prejudice, at all costs, from crossways the classes. The two characters in the novel divided by good and evil both feel in completely different conditions in London. As Hyde is a criminal and as he lives in the dismal quarter of Soho, with its muddy ways and slatternly passengers then it must have caused some relief to the upper classes when they were living in clean conditions and considered to be acceptable places to reside, in turn pickings the criminal far onward from them.This though, brought around the new danger of these crimin als escaping from their filthy conditions and creeping around the streets and labyrinths of those archetype to be safe therefore having access to their private lives and secrets. Also, Hydes flat is illustrated as untidy and disorganized, very similar to the life of a criminal, where they would have only a single night perhaps to impersonate at rest before they had to be on the move.Secrecy played an important part in Victorian lives and Stephensons novel explores this. within there was another enclosure, like wise sealed and pronounced upon the cover as Not to be opened until the death or disappearance of Dr. Henry Jekyll and every last(predicate) my drugs were in the cabinet a long journey down the two pairs of stairs, through the back passage, across the open courtyard and through the anatomical theatre. In the case of the letter, Jekyll would rather have his secrets expose after he has died. This is due to the good doctor trying to save himself from the embarrassment and mo ckery he would receive had someone discovered what he got up to when he was alone.This was also a problem with many among the upper classes, as their many distractions in life, like alcohol, were not considered acceptable, so they would have had to be do in secret. In the second quote, it is a surprise to find a doctor with drugs and medicines hidden away in the most secluded part of this house. This links back to the same point of revealing his habits and what could get to him, living in shame for the rest of his life. Intolerable to Victorians was shame. This relates back to many Victorians regarding their class as imperatively important, not something to lose in the agony of public humiliation, should their private activities be revealed in the public domain.

Ethnic Paper Essay

Write a 100- to 200-word response to each of the following questions. deliver citations for all the sources you use. What is contrast? How is discrimination different from prejudice and stereotyping? Discrimination is the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and root words because of predjudice or for former(a) arbitrary reasons. Discrimination is different from predjudice and stereotyping because discrimination ar actual negative actions towards the objects of predjudice. Stereotype is an unreliable abstract of members of a particular group and predjudice is a negative attitude and emotion response to members of a group. What ar the causes of discrimination? Discrimination can be caused from learned behavior If you grew up in a house where your p arents discriminated against others, then your more than Likely to do the same thing. Growing up in a realm where there are mostly people of the same race and members of a different race approach shot into your n eighborhood can cause discrimination. I also believe ignorance is probably one of the main causes of discrimination people are blind to the fact that we are all human beings and have feelings and everyone should be tempered the same regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, oreientation, disability etc. How is discrimination faced by one identity group (race, ethnicity, religious beliefs, gender, sexual orientation, age, or disability) the same as discrimination faced by another? How are they different?I would agree that sexual orientation and gender face same discrimination if you are gay, straight transgender people will look at you in disgust they will treat you differently and deny reliable rights llke getting a job, marrying, and many more gender can be similar in the sense that you can be denied certain job positions and be incapable of performing certain duties especially a female who tries to attempt to do a job that is usually done by a man.I think the difference in the two is sexual orientation is a untold bigger problem and strict laws have been put into effect for people who discriminate against gays, transgender, lesbians and they are alleviate continuing to fight for equal rights today like getting married as far as gender if youre male and female you have that right automaticall, whereas the gay community doesnt.Racial and heathenish Groups (13th ed.) (Schaefer)

Assignment #1: Best Practices

January 4, 2013 BUS 5668 Cases in employ Project instruction Assignment 1 Best Practices From 1940 to present, Project Management has continuously advanced from reap draw offrs victimization a small set of processes that were considered nice to have to the formal assignment of angiotensin converting enzyme undivided assigned as the Project Manager that utilized a formal methodology by which to manage the project. Often the term shell practices is referenced wi edit out a defined methodology. Why must an formation capture best practices? What are the determining factors in base-lining a best practice? Can an brass section have too many best practices?What are the impacts of establishing too many best practices that mandated by elderly management for use on all projects? Provide one example of a Project Management best practice. (Video Lecture 2 and independent research) What are Best Practices? According to the demarcation Dictionary, And According to the Business Dictionar y, A Best Practice is a method or technique that has consistently shown results superior to those achieved with oppo commit means, and that is used as a benchmark (Business Dictionary). Organizations that have had constant success have adapted a unique version of the best practice method that accommodates what they do.Many geological formations use best practices to do the following (but non limited to) Develop an understanding of the necessary requirements Focusing on how to press home the service / continue to deliver the service meliorate the perception of the customer(s) Eliminate wasteful spending/investments Increase productivity and employee morale Improve Risk Management Using the best practices listed above along with other best practices the organization support necessary, organizations can create a baseline to accommodate their organizations.A Base-line is defined as the current version of a project plan that guides project performance and against which the p roject manager compares actual project performance. (Portny, el. ) When an organization is creating or enhancing a base-line, the organization has to take into consideration the following How will the best practice benefit the organization Who will the best practice have the most impact on (customer, organization, stakeholders, etc. ) What is the return on investments for the organization by implementing the best practices.Although best practices is the ideal method to use when operating an organization, non using the best practices method as it is meant to be used is just as bad as not having a process in place to run the organization. Time and time again, many organizations lose site of what best practices really are because they set too many goals as best practices. As a result, the organization fails to improve and keep up with competitors due to losing sight because they have so many best practices they are trying to focus on. The idea behind the best ractices is to ensure the organization is operating on one accord throughout the organization. By implementing too many best practices may result in the disorganization within the organization. Everyone would not be on one accord which can lead to miscommunication and any department doing what they see fit. Having too many best practices is just as bad as not having any at all. By implementing too many best practices, the organization have a high probability to failing due to no realistic opportunity of implementing all of the best practices.And the best practices utilize will not be fulfill 100% due to lack of resources because resources are spread thin due to the large amount of best practices. Also, every best practice may not be suitable for every department within the organization. By implementing best practices that will not be undecomposed to department will become a waist of resources, spending, and as a result the project has a high probability of failing. An example of a Project Management best practice would be the execution of ITIL within the NASA organization.ITIL provides a practical, no-nonsense framework for identifying, planning, delivering and supporting IT services to the business. The NASA Shared Services Center (NSSC) is ITIL aligned. As a member of the NASA Shared Services Center, I had the opportunity to work on the implementation of the effort Service Desk (ESD). The ESD offers 247 technical support to the entire NASA Agency. This department was stood up on the premise of offering the best IT support at the lowest cost. The NSSC has been using this best practice since its start-up.I for one believe the ITIL best practice has brought much success to the NSSC. References Last, F. M. (Year Published) Book. City, State Publisher. Portny, Stanley E. (2008) Project Management Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling Projects. novel Jersey John wWley & Sons No author. (n. d. ) Business Dictionary. Retrieved on 01/09/2012. Retrieved from http//www. businessdicti onary. com/definition/best-practice. htmlixzz2HuDx20hu No author. (05. 10. 2012) ITIL. Retrieved on 01/09/2012. Retrieved from http//www. itil-officialsite. com/AboutITIL/WhatisITIL. aspx